Editing Romaniote Jews (section)

===Judaeo-Greek===
After World War II, the [[Judaeo-Greek]] language of Ioannina underwent a process of ''[[Koiné language|koinezation]]''. The only phonetic differences to [[Standard Modern Greek]], which could be noted shortly after the war have been [x] > [s] before front vowels, unusual intonation patterns and some peculiar lexical items, mostly of Hebrew-Aramaic provenance.<ref>Bongas, E. A. ''The Language Idioms of Epirus (Northern, Central and Southern): The Gianniote and Other Lexicons'', vol. 1. Etaireia Ipeirotikon Meleton, Ioannina 1964 (Greek).</ref> Lexemes, such as Hebrew-Aramaic loans, were easily identified as "ours" and "theirs," i.e., Sephardic vs. Romaniote.<ref>Moisis, A. "Hebrew words in the language of Jews of Greece." In: ''Greek-Jewish studies''. N. p., Athens 1958, pp. 58–75 (Greek).</ref> While composing texts on their religion, the Greek Jews followed the literary standards of Greek syntax and morphology, using a number of Hebrew-Aramaic loanwords.<ref name="ReferenceA">Krivoruchko, J. G. "Not Only Cherubs: Lexicon of Hebrew and Aramaic Origin in Standard Modern Greek (SG) and Modern Greek Dialects." In: ''Proceedings of the Second International Conference of Modern Greek Dialects and Linguistic Theory'', ed. Mark Janse, Angeliki Ralli and Brian Joseph, Patras: University of Patras, 205-219.</ref> The Hebrew-Aramaic component would be written down in ways reflecting traditional Romaniote pronunciation, for example ''Shalom'', was spelled and written as ''Salom'' (Σαλώμ).

Krivoruchko states in her work ''Judeo-Greek in the era of globalization'' that Judaeo-Greek has always been interchangeable with the spoken variety of Greek, which was used by the surrounding Christian community, but had a few special features in its various geographical and chronological types (for example the Judaeo-Greek of Crete [† 1945] and that of Constantinople).<ref>Krivoruchko, Julia G. ''Judeo-Greek in the era of globalization'', 2011, esp. pp. 125 ff.</ref> Besides the few phonetic differences between Judaeo-Greek and Standard Modern Greek the most common difference has been the use of Hebrew and Aramaic loanwords in Judaeo-Greek.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Considerable are also the phonetic differences between Romaniote Hebrew (look downwards on paragraph ''Romaniote Hebrew'') and Sephardic Hebrew, for example Sephardic ''Shavuot'' was spelled as ''Savóth'' (Σαβώθ) in Judaeo-Greek.<ref>Krivoruchko, Julia G. ''Judeo-Greek in the era of globalization'', 2011, pp. 122-127.</ref>

Second and third generation Romaniote immigrants in New York city have good knowledge of Greek. In the beginning of the 21st century 90% asserted that they understand Greek while 40% could speak Greek comfortably. Over a third could read Greek satisfactorily. The number of persons fluent in the Greek Language is much lower in the group of the Greek Sephardim outside of Greece.<ref>Dimitris Mattheou. ''Changing Educational Landscapes,'' 2010, pp. 162 f.</ref>