Editing Rolls of Oléron (section)

==Distribution and common usage==
In France, the Rolls of Oleron had been adopted as the official sea law by 1364.{{sfn|Frankot|2007|p=153}}

The document was originally written in French and later translated into Spanish, Scots and Flemish/Dutch.{{sfn|Frankot|2007|p=153}} It is likely that the Scots translation is based on the French version because of similarities.{{sfn|Frankot|2010|p=138}} It does not appear that the court in [[Aberdeen]] used the translated version in its legal practice.{{sfn|Frankot|2012|p=195}}

The Flemish/Dutch translation is known as the [[Vonesse van Damme]].{{sfn|Frankot|2012|p=161}} The oldest extant copies of the Rolls are in the [[Little Red Book of Bristol]]<ref>[https://ouclf.law.ox.ac.uk/the-search-for-a-medieval-lex-mercatoria/ The search for a medieval Lex mercatoria] by Albrecht Cordes. Accessed 10 September 2020</ref> and the [[Liber Horn]].{{sfn|Frankot|2012|p=13}} In the second half of the 14th century, the [[Ordinancie]] appeared as a new sea law in the [[Zuiderzee]] area in the [[Netherlands]]. In most manuscripts, that law was combined with the Vonesse van Damme. Some historians have argued that the Ordinancie was written as a supplement to the Rolls, but that is not likely because two laws in the Ordinancie were copied directly from the Rolls, and the rest regulates approximately the same subjects as the Rolls.{{sfn|Frankot|2012|p=6}}

The Rolls of Oleron had been officially adopted in England by the reign of [[King Edward III]]: in 1351, a Bristol inquest confirmed that the rolls had statute of law. Most shipment of wine was done with English ships and crew. Therefore, the crew needed to know the rules.{{sfn|Runyan|1975|p=99}} According to Albrecht Cordes, in the 14th century, the influence of the Rolls of Oleron extended to Spain and, most importantly, to Flanders, where they were translated into Flemish.<ref name=":0" /> However, the Rolls of Oleron were integrated in the [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarrese]] charter of [[San Sebastián]] in 1180, which summarized practices already used along the coast of the Cantabrian Sea (Gulf of Biscay) and overall the European Atlantic coast.<ref>{{Cite web|title=4 El fuero de San Sebastián|url=https://www.ingeba.org/liburua/donostia/43fuero/43fuero.htm|access-date=2021-06-07|website=www.ingeba.org}}</ref> The Rolls of Oleron were relatively short compared to other contemporary sea laws and, as such, can be considered to have been among the easiest to use.<ref name=":0">[https://ouclf.law.ox.ac.uk/conflicts-in-13th-century-maritime-law-a-comparison-between-five-european-ports/ Conflicts in 13th Century Maritime Law: A Comparison between five European Ports] by Albrecht Cordes. Accessed 17 September 2020</ref>

Sometimes known as the "Lawes of Pleron," they also formed the basis of similar agreements among 17th and 18th century [[Privateer|privateers]] and pirates, known as [[Pirate code|Articles]].<ref name="Berger">{{cite web |last1=Berger |first1=Klaus Peter |title=The Lex Mercatoria (Old and New) and the TransLex-Principles |url=https://www.trans-lex.org/the-lex-mercatoria-and-the-translex-principles_ID8 |website=www.trans-lex.org |access-date=21 October 2021 |language=de}}</ref>