Editing Ralph Cudworth (section)

==Career==
===Education===
The second son, and third of five (probably six) children, Ralph Cudworth (Jnr) was born at [[Aller, Somerset|Aller]], [[Somerset]], where he was baptised (13 July 1617). Following the death of his father, Ralph Cudworth Snr (1624), [[Reverend|The Rev.]] [[Doctor of Divinity|Dr]] [[John Stoughton (priest)|John Stoughton]] (1593–1639), (son of Thomas Stoughton of Coggeshall; also a Fellow of Emmanuel College), succeeded as Rector of Aller, and married the widow Mary (née Machell) Cudworth (''c''.1582–1634).<ref>J.C. Whitebrook, 'Dr. John Stoughton the Elder', ''Transactions of the Congregational Historical Society'', 6(2), (1913), [https://archive.org/details/transactionscong6191cong/page/88 pp. 89–107]; and 6(3), (1914), [https://archive.org/details/transactionscong6191cong/page/176 pp. 177–87] (Internet Archive).</ref> Dr Stoughton paid careful attention to his stepchildren's education, which Ralph later described as a "diet of [[Calvinism]]".<ref>F.J. Powicke, ''The Cambridge Platonists: A Study'' (J.M. Dent & Co.: London, 1926), p. 111.</ref> Letters, to Stoughton, by both brothers James and Ralph Cudworth make this plain; and, when Ralph matriculated at [[Emmanuel College, Cambridge|Emmanuel College]], Cambridge (1632),<ref>{{acad|id=CDWT632R|name=Cudworth, Ralph}}. See Venn, ''[[Alumni Cantabrigienses]]'' i(1), p. 431.</ref> Stoughton thought him "as wel grounded in Scho[o]l-Learning as any Boy of his Age that went to the University".<ref>Mosheim, ''Radulphi Cudworthi Systema Intellectuale'' (1733), i, 'Praefatio Moshemii' (34 sides, unpaginated) [https://books.google.com/books?id=LO9OAAAAcAAJ 19th side, note.]</ref> [[John Stoughton (priest)|Stoughton]] was appointed Curate and Preacher at [[St Mary Aldermanbury]], [[London]] (1632),<ref>Venn, ''[[Alumni Cantabrigienses]]'', i(4), p. 171.</ref> and the family left Aller. Ralph's elder brother, [[James Cudworth (colonist)|James Cudworth]], married and emigrated to [[Scituate, Massachusetts|Scituate]], [[Plymouth Colony]], [[New England]] (1634).<ref>'Letter of James Cudworth of Scituate, 1634', (to Stoughton), in ''New England Historical and Genealogical Register'', 14 (1860), pp. 101–04.</ref> Mary Machell Cudworth Stoughton died during summer 1634,<ref>Whitebrook, 'Dr John Stoughton the Elder', [https://archive.org/details/transactionscong6191cong/page/94 p. 94] (Internet Archive).</ref> and Dr [[John Stoughton (priest)|Stoughton]] married a daughter of John Browne of [[Frampton, Dorset|Frampton]] and [[Dorchester, Dorset|Dorchester]].<ref>Marriage at St Mary Aldermanbury, 18 January 1635/6; J.P. Ferris, ''Browne, John II (1580–1659), of Dorchester and Frampton, Dorset'', [http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/member/browne-john-ii-1580-1659 History of Parliament online, 1604–29.]</ref>

===Pensioner, Student and Fellow of Emmanuel College (1630–1645)===
[[File:Emmanuel College, Cambridge, July 2010 (05).JPG|thumb|upright|Emmanuel College, Cambridge]]
From a family background embedded in the early nonconformity and a diligent student, Cudworth was admitted (as a pensioner) to his father's old college, [[Emmanuel College, Cambridge|Emmanuel College]], Cambridge (1630), matriculated (1632), and graduated (BA (1635/36); MA (1639)). After some misgivings (which he confided in his stepfather),<ref>T. Solly, ''The Will Divine and Human'' (Deighton Bell & Co.: Cambridge/Bell & Daldy: London, 1856), [https://archive.org/details/willdivineandhu01sollgoog/page/n16 <!-- pg=286 --> pp. 287–91.]</ref> he was elected a Fellow of Emmanuel (1639), and became a successful tutor, delivering the [[Rede Lecture]] (1641). He published a tract entitled ''The Union of Christ and the Church, in a Shadow'' (1642),<ref>R. Cudworth, ''The Union of Christ and the Church, in a Shadow'' [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/B20917.0001.001?view=toc (Richard Bishop: London, 1642)] (Umich/eebo).</ref> and another, ''A Discourse concerning the True Notion of the Lord's Supper'' (1642),<ref>R. Cudworth, ''A Discourse concerning the True Notion of the Lord's Supper'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=C7s6AQAAMAAJ (2nd edn, J. Flesher for R. Royston: London, 1670)] (Google).</ref> in which his readings of [[Karaite Judaism|Karaite]] manuscripts (stimulated by meetings with [[Johann Stephan Rittangel]]) were influential.<ref>D.J. Lasker, 'Karaism and Christian Hebraism: a New Document', ''Renaissance Quarterly'', 59(4), (2006), pp. 1089–1116.</ref>

===11th Regius Professor of Hebrew (1645) and 26th Master of Clare Hall (1645–1654)===
[[File:Clare College, back of Old Court.jpeg|thumb|upright|Old Court, Clare College, Cambridge]]
Following sustained correspondence with [[John Selden]]<ref>D. Levitin, ''Ancient Wisdom in the Age of the New Science: Histories of Philosophy in England, {{Circa}}1640–1700'' (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 2015), [https://books.google.com/books?id=XZqNCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA171 p. 171 and note 300], with itemized citations (Google).</ref> (to whom he supplied Karaite literature), he was elected (aged 28) as 11th [[Regius Professor of Hebrew (Cambridge)|Regius Professor of Hebrew]] (1645).<ref name="Venn, Alumni Cantabrigienses"/> In 1645, [[Thomas Paske]] had been ejected as Master of [[Clare College, Cambridge|Clare Hall]] for his Anglican allegiances, and Cudworth (despite his immaturity) was selected as his successor, as 26th Master (but not admitted until 1650).<ref>D. Neal (ed. J.O. Choules), ''The History of the Puritans, or Protestant Nonconformists'' (Harper & Brothers: New York, 1844), [https://books.google.com/books?id=72gPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA481 p. 481] (Google). See J. Barwick, ''Querela Cantabrigiensis'' (Oxford 1647), [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A26729.0001.001/1:10?rgn=div1;view=fulltext 'A Catalogue'] (Umich/eebo).</ref> Similarly, his fellow-theologian [[Benjamin Whichcote]] was installed as 19th [[Provost (education)|Provost]] of [[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]].<ref>S. Hutton, 'Whichcote, Benjamin (1609–83), theologian and moral philosopher' in ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''.</ref> Cudworth attained the degree of [[Bachelor of Divinity]] (1646), and preached a sermon before the [[House of Commons of England]] (on [[1 John 2]], 3–4),<ref>New King James Version at [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+John+2%3A3-11&version=NKJV Bible Gateway]</ref> which was later published with a Letter of Dedication to the House (1647).<ref>R. Cudworth, ''A sermon preached before the Honourable House of Commons, at Westminster, March 31. 1647'' (Roger Daniel: Cambridge, 1647), [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A35343.0001.001/1:2?rgn=div1;view=fulltext Letter of Dedication] (Umich/eebo).</ref> Despite these distinctions and his presentation, by Emmanuel College, to the rectorate of [[North Cadbury, Somerset]] (3 October 1650), he remained comparatively impoverished. He was awarded the degree of [[Doctor of Divinity]] (1651),<ref name="Venn, Alumni Cantabrigienses"/> and, in January 1651/2, his friend Dr [[John Worthington (academic)|John Worthington]] wrote of him, "If through want of maintenance he should be forced to leave Cambridge, for which place he is so eminently accomplished with what is noble and Exemplarily Academical, it would be an ill omen."<ref>Letter of John Worthington (6 January 1651/2), quoted in Mosheim's Preface to ''Systema Intellectuale'' (1733), i, p. xxviii (1773 edn).</ref>

===Marriage (1654) and 14th Master of Christ's College (1654–1688)===
[[File:Cambridge - St Andrews Street - Christ's College - First Court - View ENE.jpg|thumb|upright|First Court, Christ's College, Cambridge]]
Despite his worsening sight, Cudworth was elected (29 October 1654) and admitted (2 November 1654), as 14th Master of [[Christ's College, Cambridge|Christ's College]].<ref>'1654, Oct. 29. Dr Cudworth was chosen Master of Christ's College, admitted Nov. 2.': J. Crossley, ''Diary and Correspondence of Dr John Worthington'' (Chetham Society, O.S., 13 (1847), i, p. 52.</ref> His appointment coincided with his marriage to Damaris (died 1695), daughter (by his first wife, Damaris) of [[Matthew Cradock]] (died 1641), first [[Governor]] of the [[Massachusetts Bay Company]]. Hence Worthington commented "After many tossings Dr Cudworth is through God's good Providence returned to Cambridge and settled in Christ's College, and by his marriage more settled and fixed."<ref>Letter of John Worthington (30 January 1654/5) quoted in Mosheim's Preface (1733), i, p. xxviii (1773 edn)</ref>

In his Will (1641), [[Matthew Cradock]] had divided his estate beside the [[Mystic River]] at [[Medford, Massachusetts]] (which he had never visited, and was managed on his behalf)<ref>C. Seaburg and A. Seaburg, ''Medford on the Mystic'' (Medford Historical Society, 1980).</ref> into two moieties: one was bequeathed to his daughter Damaris Cradock (died 1695), (later wife of Ralph Cudworth Jnr); and one was to be enjoyed by his widow Rebecca (during her lifetime), and afterwards to be inherited by his brother, Samuel Cradock (1583–1653), and his heirs male.<ref>Will of Mathew Cradock of London, Merchant (P.C.C. 1641); C. Brooks, ''The History of the Town of Medford'' (J.M. Usher: Boston, 1855), [https://archive.org/details/historyoftownofm00brooks/page/90 pp. 90–92] (Internet Archive).</ref> Samuel Cradock's son, [[Samuel Cradock]] Jnr (1621–1706), was admitted to Emmanuel (1637), graduated (BA (1640–1); MA (1644); BD (1651)), was later a Fellow (1645–56), and pupil of [[Benjamin Whichcote]]'s.<ref>Venn, ''[[Alumni Cantabrigienses]]'', i(1), p. 411; J.C. Whitebrook, 'Samuel Cradock, cleric and pietist (1620–1706): and Matthew Cradock, first governor of Massachusetts', ''Congregational History Society'', 5(3), (1911), pp. 183–90; S. Handley, 'Cradock, Samuel (1620/21–1706), nonconformist minister', ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''.</ref> After part of the Medford estate was rented to Edward Collins (1642), it was placed in the hands of an attorney; the widow Rebecca Cradock (whose second and third husbands were Richard Glover and [[Benjamin Whichcote]], respectively), petitioned the General Court of Massachusetts, and the legatees later sold the estate to Collins (1652).<ref>Brooks, ''The History of the Town of Medford'', [https://archive.org/details/historyoftownofm00brooks/page/57 pp 41–43], and [https://archive.org/details/historyoftownofm00brooks/page/92 p. 93] (Internet Archive).</ref><ref>'Cradock, Craddock', in C.H. Pope, ''The Pioneers of Massachusetts: A Descriptive List'' (Boston 1900), [https://archive.org/details/pioneersofmassac00pope/page/120 pp. 121–22] (Internet Archive).</ref>

The marriage of the widow Rebecca Cradock to Cudworth's colleague [[Benjamin Whichcote]] laid the way for the union between Cudworth and her stepdaughter Damaris (died 1695), which reinforced the connections between the two scholars through a familial bond. Damaris had first married (1642)<ref>R. Brenner, ''Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550–1663'' (Verso: London, 2003), [https://books.google.com/books?id=amFQ3gq-SjQC&pg=PA139 p. 139] (Google).</ref> Thomas Andrewes Jnr (died 1653) of London and Feltham, son of Sir [[Thomas Andrewes]] (died 1659), ([[Lord Mayor of London]], 1649, 1651–2), which union had produced several children. The Andrewes family were also engaged in the Massachusetts project, and strongly supported puritan causes.<ref>Will of Thomas Andrewes, Leather seller of London (P.C.C. 1653). These relationships are confirmed by these wills and the Chancery case ''Andrewes v Glover'' (National Archives, London); W.G. Watkins, 'Notes from English Records', ''New England Historical and Genealogical Register'', 64 (1910), [https://archive.org/stream/newenglandhistor1910wate#page/84/mode/2up pp. 84–87.]</ref>

===Commonwealth and Restoration===
Cudworth emerged as a central figure among that circle of theologians and philosophers known as the [[Cambridge Platonists]], who were (more or less) in sympathy with the [[Commonwealth of England|Commonwealth]]: during the later 1650s, Cudworth was consulted by [[John Thurloe]], [[Oliver Cromwell]]'s Secretary to the [[English Council of State|Council of State]], with regard to certain university and government appointments and various other matters.<ref>T. Birch, ''Account of the Life and Writings'' (1743), [http://warburg.sas.ac.uk/pdf/ach2200b2396022.pdf pp. viii–x (pp. 16–18 in pdf).]</ref><ref>'Life of Cudworth, Appendix A: Letters to Thurloe', in W.R. Scott, ''An Introduction to Cudworth's Treatise concerning Eternal and Immutable Morality'' (Longmans, Green & Co.: London, 1891), [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015014300878;view=1up;seq=35 pp. 19–23] (Hathi Trust).</ref> During 1657, Cudworth advised [[Bulstrode Whitelocke]]'s sub-committee of the Parliamentary "Grand Committee for Religion" on the accuracy of editions of the English Bible.<ref>C. Anderson, ''The Annals of the English Bible'' (William Pickering: London, 1845), ii, [https://books.google.com/books?id=85ZgAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA394 Book 3, p. 394] (Google).</ref> Cudworth was appointed Vicar of [[Great Wilbraham]], and Rector of [[Toft, Cambridgeshire|Toft]], [[Cambridgeshire]] [[Diocese of Ely|Ely diocese]] (1656), but surrendered these livings (1661 and 1662, respectively) when he was presented, by Dr [[Gilbert Sheldon]], [[Bishop of London]], to the [[Hertfordshire]] Rectory of [[Ashwell, Hertfordshire|Ashwell]] (1 December 1662).<ref name="CCEdp" />

[[File:Former swimming pool - geograph.org.uk - 1580169.jpg|thumb|right|The mid-seventeenth century Fellows' Swimming Pool, Christ's College, Cambridge]]
Given Cudworth's close cooperation with prominent figures in Oliver Cromwell's regime (such as [[John Thurloe]]), Cudworth's continuance as Master of Christ's was challenged at the [[Restoration (England)|Restoration]] but, ultimately, he retained this post until his death.<ref>Letter (6 August 1660), in J. Crossley, ''Diary and Correspondence of Dr John Worthington'' (Chetham Society, O.S., 13 (1847)), i, p. 203; and Christ's College website, [https://www.christs.cam.ac.uk/college-life/masters-christs-college-1505 List of Masters of Christ's College].</ref> He and his family are believed to have resided in private lodgings at the "Old Lodge" (which stood between Hobson Street and the College Chapel), and various improvements were made to the college rooms in his time.<ref>J. Covell, 'An Account of the Master's Lodgings in ye College', in R. Willis and J.W. Clarke, ''The Architectural History of the University of Cambridge, and of the Colleges of Cambridge and Eton'', (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1886), ii, [https://archive.org/details/architecturalhis02will_0/page/212 pp. 212–19] (Internet Archive).</ref> He was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society|Fellow]] of the [[Royal Society]] in 1662.

===Later life===
In 1665, Cudworth almost quarrelled with his fellow-[[Platonism|Platonist]], [[Henry More]], because of the latter's composition of an ethical work which Cudworth feared would interfere with his own long-contemplated treatise on the same subject.<ref>'Life of Cudworth, Appendix B: Letters of Cudworth and More', in Scott, ''An Introduction to Cudworth's Treatise'', [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015014300878;view=1up;seq=40 pp. 24–28] (Hathi Trust).</ref> To avoid any difficulties, More published his ''Enchiridion ethicum'' (1666–69), in [[Latin]];<ref>''An Account of Virtue; or, Dr. Henry More's Abridgement of Morals, put into English'' (transl. Edward Southwell), (facsimile of Benjamin Tooke's London (1690) English edn; Facsimile Text Society, New York, 1930), [https://archive.org/details/enchiridionethic00more/page/n11 Internet Archive].</ref> However, Cudworth's planned treatise was never published. His own majestic work, ''The True Intellectual System of the Universe'' (1678),<ref>R. Cudworth, ''The True Intellectual System of the Universe: The First Part; Wherein, All the Reason and Philosophy of Atheism is Confuted, and its Impossibility Demonstrated'' [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HKbl4NOjBr8C/page/n36 <!-- pg=1 --> (Richard Royston: London, 1678)]</ref> was conceived in three parts of which only the first was completed; he wrote: "there is no reason why this volume should therefore be thought imperfect and incomplete, because it hath not all the Three Things at first Designed by us: it containing all that belongeth to its own particular Title and Subject, and being in that respect no Piece, but a Whole."<ref>R. Cudworth, 'Preface to the Reader', ''True Intellectual System'' (1678).</ref>

[[File:All Saints Church Damaris Cudworth tablet plaque High Laver Essex England.jpg|thumb|right|Memorial to Damaris Cudworth]]
Cudworth was installed as [[Prebendary]] of [[Gloucester]] (1678).<ref name="CCEdp" /> His colleague, [[Benjamin Whichcote]], died at Cudworth's house in Cambridge (1683),<ref>G. Dyer, ''History of the University and Colleges of Cambridge'', (Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown: London, 1814), ii, [https://archive.org/details/historyofunivers02dyeruoft/page/355 p. 355] (Google).</ref> and Cudworth himself died (26 June 1688), and was buried in the Chapel of Christ's College.<ref>Epitaph in Mosheim's Preface (1733), i, p. xxix (1773 edn); for his monumental inscription [https://images.findagrave.com/photos/2017/207/114458886_1501186726.jpg].</ref> An oil portrait of Cudworth (from life) hangs in the Hall of [[Christ's College, Cambridge|Christ's College]].<ref>Oil portrait of Ralph Cudworth, image (copyright Christ's College) viewable [http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TRDvPMfjquQ/UdqJqLZhIjI/AAAAAAAAApo/-EQjKfkEUr8/s1600/portrait.jpg here].</ref> During Cudworth's time an outdoor Swimming Pool was created at [[Christ's College, Cambridge|Christ's College]] (which still exists), and a carved bust of Cudworth there accompanies those of [[John Milton]] and [[Nicholas Saunderson]].<ref>'Splashing out for a piece of history', [https://www.cam.ac.uk/news/splashing-out-for-a-piece-of-history ''News, 23 July 2010''] (University of Cambridge website). Listing by [https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1125548 Historic England].</ref>

Cudworth's widow, Damaris (née Cradock) Andrewes Cudworth (died 1695), maintained close connections with her daughter, [[Damaris Cudworth Masham]], at [[High Laver]], [[Essex]], which was where she died, and was commemorated in the church with a carved epitaph reputedly composed by the philosopher [[John Locke]].<ref>Will of Damaris Cudworth (P.C.C. 1695); H.R. Fox Bourne, ''The Life of John Locke'', (Harper & Brothers: New York, 1876), [https://archive.org/stream/lifeofjohnlocke02bour#page/306/mode/2up ii, pp. 306–07] (Internet Archive).</ref>

===Children===
The children of Ralph Cudworth and Damaris (née Cradock) Andrewes Cudworth (died 1695) were:

* John Cudworth ({{Circa}}1656–1726) was admitted to [[Christ's College, Cambridge|Christ's College]], Cambridge (1672), graduated ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] (1676–77); [[Master of Arts|MA]] (1680)), and was a pupil of Mr Andrewes. He was a Fellow (1678–1698), was ordained a priest (1684), and later became Lecturer in Greek (1687/88) and Senior Dean (1690).<ref>J. Peile, ''Biographical Register of Christ's College 1505–1905: II: 1666–1905'' (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1913), ii, [https://archive.org/details/biographicalregi02peil/page/46 p. 46].</ref>
* Charles Cudworth (died 1684) was admitted to [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity College]], Cambridge (1674–6), but may have not graduated, instead, making a career in the factories of [[Kasimbazar]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]], which was where [[John Locke]] (friend of his sister [[Damaris Cudworth Masham|Damaris Cudworth]]), corresponded with him (27 April 1683).<ref>Locke's letter, in Lord King, ''The Life of John Locke: With Extracts from His Correspondence'' (New Edn, Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley: London, 1830), ii, [https://archive.org/details/lifejohnlockewi02kinggoog/page/n25 pp. 16–21] (Google).</ref> He married (February 1683/84), Mary Cole, widow of Jonathan Prickman, Second for the English [[East India Company]] at [[Malda, West Bengal|Malda]].<ref>R.C. Temple, ''The Diaries of [[Streynsham Master]], 1675–80, and other contemporary papers relating thereto'' II: The First and Second "Memorialls, 1679–80, Indian Records Series (John Murray: London, 1911), [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.65857/page/n349 p. 343 and note 2] (Internet Archive); W.K. Firminger (ed.), 'The Malda Diary and Consultations (1680–82)', ''Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal'', N.S., 14 (1918), [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753002183892/page/n1 pp. 1–241] (Internet Archive).</ref> Charles Cudworth died in March 1684.<ref>J. Peile, ''Biographical Register'', ii, [https://archive.org/details/biographicalregi02peil/page/48 pp. 49–50], citing Journal entries from Factory Records, Kasinbazar III.</ref>
* Thomas Cudworth graduated at [[Christ's College, Cambridge|Christ's College]], Cambridge ([[Master of Arts|MA]] (1682)).<ref>J. Peile, ''Biographical Register'', ii, [https://archive.org/details/biographicalregi02peil/page/70 p. 70].</ref><ref>Locke's letter supposedly addressed to Thomas, in H.R. Fox Bourne, ''The Life of John Locke'' (Harper and Brothers: New York, 1876), i, [https://archive.org/details/lifeofjohnlocke01bour/page/474 pp. 473–76] (Internet Archive).</ref>
*[[Damaris Cudworth Masham|Damaris Cudworth]] (1659–1708), a devout and talented woman, became the second wife (1685) of [[Baron Masham|Sir Francis Masham]], 3rd [[Baronet]] (c.1646–1723) of [[High Laver]], [[Essex]].<ref>M. Knights, 'Masham, Sir Francis, 3rd Bt. ({{circa}} 1646–1723), of Otes, High Laver, Essex', in D. Hayton, E. Cruickshanks, and S. Handley (eds), ''The History of Parliament: the House of Commons, 1690–1715'' (Boydell & Brewer,Woodbridge, 2002), [http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1690-1715/member/masham-sir-francis-1646-1723 History of Parliament Online.]</ref> Lady Masham was a friend of the philosopher [[John Locke]], and also a correspondent of [[Gottfried Leibniz]]. Her son, Francis Cudworth Masham (died 1731), became Accountant-General to the Court of Chancery.

The stepchildren of Ralph Cudworth (children of Damaris (née Cradock) Andrewes (died 1695) and Thomas Andrewes (died 1653)) were:

* Richard Andrewes (living 1688) who, according to [[John Peile|Peile]], is ''not'' the Richard Andrewes who attended Christ's College, Cambridge during this period.<ref>J. Peile, ''Biographical Register, I: 1448–1665'' (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1910), i,[https://archive.org/details/biographicalregi01peil/page/600 p. 601] (Internet Archive).</ref>
* John Andrewes (died after 1688?) matriculated at [[Christ's College, Cambridge|Christ's College]], Cambridge (1664), graduated ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] (1668/9); [[Master of Arts|MA]] (1672)), was ordained deacon and priest (1669–70), and was a Fellow (1669–75).<ref>Venn, ''Alumni Cantabrigienses'', i(1), p. 30; J. Peile, ''Biographical Register'', i, [https://archive.org/details/biographicalregi01peil/page/612 p. 612] (Internet Archive).</ref> Peile suggests he died {{Circa}}1675, but he was a legatee in the will of his brother Thomas (1688). [[John Covel]] attended a "Pastoral" performed by Cudworth's children contrived by John Andrewes.<ref>Covell, 'An Account of the Master's Lodgings'.</ref>
* Thomas Andrewes (died 1688), [[Worshipful Company of Dyers|Citizen and Dyer of London]], was a linen draper. He married (August 1681), Anna, daughter of Samuel Shute, of St Peter's, Cornhill.<ref>G.J. Armytage, ''Allegations for Marriage-Licences Issued by the Vicar-General of the Archbishop of Canterbury, July 1679 to June 1687'', Harleian Society, 30 (1890), [https://archive.org/details/allegationsforma30army/page/70 p. 70] (Internet Archive).</ref><ref>Will of Thomas Andrewes, Citizen and Dyer of London (P.C.C. 1688, Foot quire); H.F. Waters, ''Genealogical Gleanings in England, with the addition of New Series, A-Anyon'' (Genealogical Publishing Company: Baltimore, 1969), ii, [https://archive.org/details/genealogicalglea02wate/page/1738 pp. 1738–39] (Internet Archive).</ref>
* Mathew Andrewes (died 1674) was admitted to [[Queens' College, Cambridge]] (1663/4), and later elected a Fellow.<ref>Venn, ''Alumni Cantabrigienses'', i(1), [https://archive.org/details/alumnicantabrigipt1vol1univiala/page/30 p. 30]. Will of Mathew Andrewes, Fellow of Queen's College, Cambridge (P.C.C. 1674, Bunce quire); H.F. Waters, ''Genealogical Gleanings in England, with the addition of New Series, A-Anyon'' (Genealogical Publishing Company: Baltimore, 1969), ii, [https://archive.org/details/genealogicalglea02wate/page/1738 p. 1738].</ref>
* Damaris Andrewes (died 1687) married (1661), (as his first wife) Sir [[Edward Abney]] (1631–1728), (a student at [[Christ's College, Cambridge|Christ's College]], Cambridge ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] 1649–52/53); Fellow (1655–61); and [[Doctor of both laws]] (1661)).<ref>Venn, ''Alumni Cantabrigienses'', i(1), [https://archive.org/details/alumnicantabrigipt1vol1univiala/page/2 p. 2]; A.A. Hanham, 'Abney, Sir Edward (1631–1728), of Willesley Hall, Leics. and Portugal Row, Lincoln’s Inn Fields', in D. Hayton, E. Cruickshanks, and S. Handley (eds), ''The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1690–1715'' ( Boydell and Brewer: Woodbridge, 2002), [https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1690-1715/member/abney-sir-edward-1631-1728 History of Parliament Online].</ref><ref>For correspondence between Cudworth and Edward's father, James Abney: E. Randall (ed.), C. Melinsky (ill.), ''Letters to my Father: Edward Abney, 1660–63'' (Simon Randall: Sevenoaks, 2005).</ref>