Editing Radio-frequency identification (section)

===Frequencies===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ RFID frequency bands<ref name=Sen09>{{Citation|first1=Dipankar|last1=Sen|first2=Prosenjit|last2=Sen|first3=Anand M.|last3=Das|title=RFID For Energy and Utility Industries|publisher=PennWell|year=2009|isbn=978-1-59370-105-5}}, pp.&nbsp;1-48</ref><ref name=Weis>{{Citation|first=Stephen A.|last=Weis|title=RFID (Radio Frequency Identification): Principles and Applications|publisher=MIT CSAIL|year=2007<!-- Year from PDF document properties; 2006 from access dates in article -->|citeseerx=10.1.1.182.5224}}</ref>
|-
! Band
! Regulations
! Range
! Data speed
! [[ISO/IEC 18000]]<br/>section
! Remarks
! Approximate tag<br/>cost in volume<br/>(2006) 
|-
| LF: 120–150&nbsp;kHz
| Unregulated
| {{convert|10|cm|0|abbr=on}}
| Low
| [http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=46146 Part 2]
| Animal identification, factory data collection
| US$1
|-
| HF: 13.56&nbsp;MHz
| [[ISM band]] worldwide
| {{convert|0.1|-|1|m|sigfig=1|abbr=on}}
| Low to moderate
| [[ISO/IEC 18000-3|Part 3]]
| Smart cards ([[ISO/IEC 15693]], [[ISO/IEC 14443]] A, B),<br/>ISO-non-compliant memory cards ([[Mifare]] Classic, iCLASS, Legic, [[FeliCa]] ...),<br/>ISO-compatible microprocessor cards (Desfire EV1, Seos)
| US$0.05 to US$5
|-
| UHF: 433&nbsp;MHz 
| Short range devices
| {{convert|1–100|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=on}}
| Moderate
| [https://www.iso.org/standard/57336.html Part 7]
| Defense applications, Underground Miner Tracking with active tags
| US$5
|-
| UHF: 865–868&nbsp;MHz (Europe)<br/>902–928&nbsp;MHz (North America)
| ISM band
| {{convert|1–12|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=on}}
| Moderate to high
| [https://www.iso.org/standard/59644.html Part 6]
| EAN, various standards; used by railroads<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.railway-technology.com/features/feature1684/|title=RFID and Rail: Advanced Tracking Technology – Railway Technology|date=16 March 2008|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref>
| US$0.04 to US$1.00<br/>(passive tags)
|-
| [[microwave]]: 2450–5800&nbsp;MHz
| ISM band
| {{convert|1–2|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=on}}
| High
| [http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=62539 Part 4]
| 802.11 WLAN, Bluetooth standards
| US$25 (active tags)
|-
| microwave: 3.1–10&nbsp;GHz
| Ultra wide band
| up to {{convert|200|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=on}}
| High
| Not&nbsp;defined
| Requires semi-active or active tags
| US$5 projected
|-
| mm-wave: 24.125&nbsp;GHz <ref name="Kaleja">{{cite book|year=1999|volume=4|pages=1497–1500 |doi=10.1109/MWSYM.1999.780237|isbn=0-7803-5135-5|s2cid=22463766|chapter=Imaging RFID system at 24 GHZ for object localization|title=1999 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (Cat. No.99CH36282)|last1=Kaleja|first1=M.M.|last2=Herb|first2=A.J.|last3=Rasshofer|first3=R.H.|last4=Friedsam|first4=G.|last5=Biebl|first5=E.M.}}</ref><ref name="Hester">{{cite book|year=2017|pages=1557–1560 |doi=10.1109/MWSYM.2017.8058927|isbn=978-1-5090-6360-4|s2cid=20439390 |chapter=A Mm-wave ultra-long-range energy-autonomous printed RFID-enabled van-atta wireless sensor: At the crossroads of 5G and IoT |title=2017 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS) |last1=Hester |first1=Jimmy G.D. |last2=Tentzeris |first2=Manos M. }}</ref><ref name="Soltanaghaei">{{cite book|year=2021|pages=69–82 |doi=10.1145/3447993.3448627|isbn=978-1-4503-8342-4|s2cid=231833014|doi-access=free |chapter=Millimetro: MmWave retro-reflective tags for accurate, long range localization |title=Proceedings of the 27th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking |last1=Soltanaghaei |first1=Elahe |last2=Prabhakara |first2=Akarsh |last3=Balanuta |first3=Artur |last4=Anderson |first4=Matthew |last5=Rabaey |first5=Jan M. |last6=Kumar |first6=Swarun |last7=Rowe |first7=Anthony }}</ref> 
| [[ISM band]] worldwide
| {{convert|10-200|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=on}}
| High
| Not defined
| Requires semi-passive tags. Uses retrodirective backscatter approaches to achieve extended ranges
| US$10 projected
|}