Editing Racial profiling (section)

===Canada===
Accusations of racial profiling of [[visible minorities]] who accuse police of targeting them due to their ethnic background is a growing concern in [[Canada]]. In 2005, the [[Kingston Police]] released the first study ever in Canada which pertains to racial profiling. The study focused on the city of [[Kingston, Ontario]], a small city where most of the inhabitants are white. The study showed that black-skinned people were 3.7 times more likely to be pulled over by police than white-skinned people, while Asian and White people are less likely to be pulled over than Black people.<ref name="cbc_study">{{cite news|title=Police stop more blacks, Ont. study finds|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/police-stop-more-blacks-ont-study-finds-1.565724|publisher=CBC News|access-date=June 8, 2010 | date=May 27, 2005}}</ref> Several police organizations condemned this study and suggested more studies like this would make them hesitant to pull over visible minorities.

[[Canadian Aboriginals]] are more likely to be charged with crimes, particularly on [[Indian reserves|reserves]]. The Canadian crime victimization survey does not collect data on the ethnic origin of perpetrators, so comparisons between incidence of victimizations and incidence of charging are impossible.<ref>{{citation|last1=Brzozowski|first1=Jodi-Anne|title=Victimization and offending among the Aboriginal population in Canada|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/bsolc/olc-cel/olc-cel?lang=eng&catno=85-002-X20060039199|volume=26|issue=3|publisher=Statistics Canada|last2=Taylor-Butts|first2=Andrea|last3=Johnson|first3=Sara|date=6 June 2006}}</ref> Although aboriginal persons make up 3.6% of Canada's population, they account for 20% of Canada's prison population. This may show how racial profiling increases effectiveness of police, or be a result of racial profiling, as they are watched more intensely than others.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www41.statcan.ca/2006/2693/ceb2693_002-eng.htm|title=Aboriginal people over-represented in Saskatchewan's prisons|website=Statistics Canada|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227153925/http://www41.statcan.ca/2006/2693/ceb2693_002-eng.htm|archive-date=2009-02-27|url-status=dead|access-date=2010-03-11|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

In February 2010, an investigation of the ''[[Toronto Star]]'' daily newspaper found that black people across Toronto were three times more likely to be stopped and documented by police than white people. To a lesser extent, the same seemed true for people described by police as having "brown" skin ([[South Asian Canadian|South Asians]], [[Arab Canadians|Arabs]] and [[Latin American Canadians|Latinos]]). This was the result of an analysis of 1.7 million contact cards filled out by [[Toronto Police]] officers in the period 2003–2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/761551--when-good-people-are-swept-up-with-the-bad|title=When good people are swept up with the bad|last=Rankin|first=Jim|date=2010-02-06|work=[[Toronto Star]]|access-date=July 29, 2010|quote=When good people are swept up with the bad - We're not trying to make any excuses for this. We recognize that bias in police decision making is a big, big issue for us, and so we're working really hard on it.}}</ref>

The [[Ontario Human Rights Commission]] states that "[[police service]]s have acknowledged that racial profiling does occur and have taken [and are taking] measures to address [the issue], including upgrading training for officers, identifying officers at risk of engaging in racial profiling, and improving community relations".<ref>{{cite book|last=Griffiths|first=Curt|title=Canadian Police Work|year=2008|publisher=Nelson Education|location=Toronto|isbn=978-0176424107|page=[https://archive.org/details/canadianpolicewo0000grif/page/311 311]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/canadianpolicewo0000grif/page/311}}</ref> [[Ottawa Police]] addressed this issue and planned on implementing a new policy regarding officer racially profiling persons, "the policy explicitly forbids officers from investigating or detaining anyone based on their race and will force officers to go through training on racial profiling".<ref name="CTV News-2011">{{cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/ottawa-police-introduce-new-racial-profiling-policy-1.684206|title=Ottawa police introduce new racial profiling policy|date=2011-08-16|website=CTV News|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723024712/http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/Canada/20110816/racial-profiling-policy-110816/|archive-date=2012-07-23|url-status=live}}</ref> This policy was implemented after the 2008 incident where an African Canadian woman was [[strip search]]ed by members of the Ottawa police. There is a [[Surveillance video|video]] showing the strip search where one witnesses the black woman being held to the ground and then having her bra and shirt cut ripped/cut off by a member of the Ottawa Police Force which was released to the viewing of the public in 2010.<ref name="CTV News-2011" />