Editing R (section)

==Use in writing systems==
{{See also|Rhotic consonant|R-colored vowel|Guttural R}}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|+ Pronunciation of {{angbr|r}} by language
! Orthography
! Phonemes
|-
! [[Albanian orthography|Albanian]]
| {{IPAslink|ɾ}}
|-
! [[Romanization of Arabic|Arabic romanization]]
| {{IPAslink|r}} or {{IPAslink|ʀ}} or {{IPAslink|ɾ}}
|-
! [[Aragonese orthography|Aragonese]]
| {{IPAslink|ɾ}}, {{IPAslink|r}}
|-
! [[Asturian orthography|Asturian]]
| {{IPAslink|ɾ}}, {{IPAslink|r}}
|-
! [[Basque orthography|Basque]]
| {{IPAslink|ɾ}}, {{IPAslink|r}}
|-
! [[Catalan orthography|Catalan]]
| {{IPAslink|ɾ}}, {{IPAslink|r}}
|-
! {{nwr|[[Standard Chinese]]}} ([[Pinyin]])
| {{IPAslink|ɻ}}
|-
! [[Danish orthography|Danish]]
| {{IPAslink|ʁ}}, ''silent''
|-
! [[Dutch orthography|Dutch]]
| {{IPAslink|r}}
|-
! [[English orthography|English]]
| {{IPAslink|ɹ}}
|-
! [[Esperanto orthography|Esperanto]]
| {{IPAslink|ɾ}}
|-
! [[Faroese orthography|Faroese]]
| {{IPAslink|ɹ}}
|-
! [[French orthography|French]]
| {{IPAslink|ʁ}}, {{IPAslink|ʀ}}
|-
! [[Galician alphabet|Galician]]
| {{IPAslink|ɾ}}
|-
! [[German orthography|German]]
| {{IPAslink|ʀ}}, {{IPAslink|ɐ̯}}, {{IPAslink|r}}
|-
! [[Gutnish]]
| {{IPAslink|ɻ}}
|-
! [[Haitian Creole|Haitian]]
| {{IPAslink|ɣ}}
|-
! [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] romanization
| {{IPAslink|ʁ}}
|-
! [[Hopi language|Hopi]]
| {{IPAslink|ʐ}}
|-
! [[Indonesian orthography|Indonesian]]
| {{IPAslink|r}}
|-
! [[Irish orthography|Irish]]
| {{IPAslink|ɾ}}, {{IPAslink|ɻʲ}}{{cn|date=March 2024}}
|-
! [[Italian orthography|Italian]]
| {{IPAslink|r}}
|-
! [[Japanese language|Japanese]] ([[Hepburn romanization|Hepburn]])
| {{IPAslink|ɾ}}
|-
! [[Leonese dialect|Leonese]]
| {{IPAslink|ɾ}}
|-
! [[Malay orthography|Malay]]
| {{IPAslink|r}}
|-
! [[Manx orthography|Manx]]
| {{IPAslink|r}}
|-
! [[Māori orthography|Māori]]
| {{IPAslink|ɾ}}
|-
! [[Norwegian orthography|Norwegian]]
| {{IPAslink|r}} or {{IPAslink|ʁ}} or {{IPAslink|ʐ}}
|-
! [[Portuguese orthography|Portuguese]]
| {{IPAslink|ʁ}}, {{IPAslink|ɾ}}
|-
! [[Scottish Gaelic orthography|Scottish Gaelic]]
| {{IPAslink|ɾ}}, {{IPAslink|ɾʲ}}
|-
! [[Sicilian orthography|Sicilian]]
| {{IPAslink|ɹ}}
|-
! [[Spanish orthography|Spanish]]
| {{IPAslink|ɾ}}, {{IPAslink|r}}
|-
! [[Swedish orthography|Swedish]]
|  {{IPAslink|r}} or {{IPAslink|ɾ}} or {{IPAslink|ɹ}} or {{IPAslink|ʐ}} or {{IPAslink|ʁ}} or {{IPAslink|ʀ}}
|-
! [[Turkish alphabet|Turkish]]
| {{IPAslink|ɾ}}
|-
! [[Venetian orthography|Venetian]]
| {{IPAslink|r}}
|-
! [[Vietnamese orthography|Vietnamese]]
| {{IPAslink|z}} or {{IPAslink|r}}
|}

===English===
{{See also|Rhoticity in English}}
{{angbr|R}} represents a [[rhotic consonant]] in English, such as the [[alveolar approximant]] (most varieties), [[alveolar trill]] (some British varieties), or the [[retroflex approximant]] (some varieties in the [[American English|United States]], [[West Country dialects|South West England]] and [[Hiberno-English|Dublin]]).

In [[Rhoticity in English|non-rhotic]] accents, it is not pronounced in certain positions, but can affect the pronunciation of the vowel that precedes it.

===Other languages===
{{angbr|R}} represents a [[rhotic consonant]] in many languages, as shown in the table below.
<!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD LANGUAGES THAT DO NOT USE THE ROMAN ALPHABET
-->
{| class="wikitable" style="width:85%;margin:auto"
|-
| style="width:35%" | [[Alveolar trill]] {{IPA|[r]}}
| style="text-align:center" | [[File:Alveolar trill.ogg]]
| style="width:55%" | Standard [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[Estonian language|Estonian]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Galician language|Galician]], [[German language|German]] in some dialects, [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]], [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Czech language|Czech]], [[Javanese language|Javanese]], [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]], [[Latvian language|Latvian]], [[Latin language|Latin]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] mostly in the northwest, [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] (traditional form), [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Scots language|Scots]], [[Slovak language|Slovak]], [[Swedish language|Swedish]] more frequent in northern and western dialects, as well as in [[Finland Swedish]]; [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]], [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]], [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; also [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Albanian language|Albanian]] {{angbr|rr}}
|-
| style="width:35%" | [[Alveolar approximant]] {{IPA|[ɹ]}}
| style="text-align:center" | [[File:Alveolar approximant.ogg]]
| style="width:55%" | [[Dutch language|Dutch]] in some Netherlandic dialects (in specific positions of words), [[Faroese language|Faroese]], [[Sicilian language|Sicilian]] and [[Swedish language|Swedish]], especially when in weakly articulated positions, such as [[Final-obstruent devoicing|word-final]]
|-
| style="width:35%" | [[Alveolar flap]] / [[Alveolar tap]] {{IPA|[ɾ]}}
|  style="text-align:center" | [[File:Alveolar tap.ogg]]
| style="width:55%" | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Albanian language|Albanian]] {{angbr|r}}; [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Venetian language|Venetian]], [[Galician language|Galician]], [[Leonese language|Leonese]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], [[Irish language|Irish]], [[Swedish language|Swedish]] and [[Māori language|Māori]]<!-- DO NOT ADD JAPANESE:  IT DOES NOT USE THE ROMAN ALPHABET-->
|-
| style="width:35%" | [[Voiced retroflex fricative]] {{IPA|[ʐ]}}
| style="text-align:center" | [[File:Voiced retroflex sibilant.ogg]]
| style="width:55%" | [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] around [[Tromsø]]; [[Spanish language|Spanish]] used as an allophone of /r/ in some South American accents; [[Swedish language|Swedish]] especially in Central Swedish dialects, such as the dialect in/around [[Stockholm]]; [[Hopi language|Hopi]] used before vowels, as in ''raana'', "toad", from Spanish rana
|-
| style="width:35%" | [[Retroflex approximant]] {{IPA|[ɻ]}}
| style="text-align:center" | [[File:Retroflex approximant.ogg]]
| style="width:55%" | [[Gutnish]]; [[Pinyin|Hanyu Pinyin]] transliteration of [[Standard Chinese]]
|-
| style="width:35%" | [[Retroflex flap]] {{IPA|[ɽ]}}
| style="text-align:center" | [[File:Retroflex flap.ogg]]
| style="width:55%" | [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] when followed by ⟨d⟩; [[Scottish English]] on occasion; [[Swedish language|Swedish]] when followed by ⟨d⟩
|-
| style="width:35%" | [[Uvular trill]] {{IPA|[ʀ]}}
| style="text-align:center" | [[File:Uvular trill.ogg]]
| style="width:55%" | [[German language|German]] stage standard; some [[Dutch language|Dutch]] dialects (in [[Brabantian dialect|Brabant]] and [[Limburgish|Limburg]], and some city dialects in the Netherlands); [[Swedish language|Swedish]] in southern Sweden; [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] in western and southern parts; [[Venetian language|Venetian]] only in the [[Venice]] area.
|-
| style="width:35%" | [[Voiced uvular fricative]] {{IPA|[ʁ]}}
| style="text-align:center" | [[File:Voiced uvular fricative.ogg]]
| style="width:55%" | [[North Mesopotamian Arabic]], [[Judeo-Iraqi Arabic]], [[German language|German]], [[Danish language|Danish]], [[French language|French]], standard European [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] {{angbr|rr}}, standard Brazilian [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] {{angbr|rr}}, Puerto Rican Spanish {{angbr|rr}} and 'r-' in western parts; [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] in western and southern parts; [[Swedish language|Swedish]] in southern dialects
|}

Other languages may use the letter {{angbr|r}} in their alphabets (or Latin transliteration schemes) to represent rhotic consonants different from the alveolar trill. In [[Haitian Creole]], it represents a sound so weak that it is often written interchangeably with {{angbr|w}}, e.g. 'Kweyol' for 'Kreyol'.

The doubled {{angbr|rr}} represents a trilled {{IPA|/r/}} in [[Albanian language|Albanian]], [[Aragonese language|Aragonese]], [[Asturian language|Asturian]], [[Basque language|Basque]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]].

Brazilian [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] has a great number of allophones of {{IPAslink|ʁ}}, such as {{IPAblink|χ}}, {{IPAblink|h}}, {{IPAblink|ɦ}}, {{IPAblink|x}}, {{IPAblink|ɣ}}, {{IPAblink|ɹ}} and {{IPAblink|r}}. The latter three ones can be used only in certain contexts ({{IPAblink|ɣ}} and {{IPAblink|r}} as {{angbr|rr}}; {{IPAblink|ɹ}} in the syllable coda, as an allophone of {{IPAslink|ɾ}} according to the European Portuguese norm and {{IPAslink|ʁ}} according to the Brazilian Portuguese norm). Usually at least two of them are present in a single dialect, such as [[Rio de Janeiro]]'s {{IPAblink|ʁ}}, {{IPAblink|χ}}, {{IPAblink|ɦ}} and, for a few speakers, {{IPAblink|ɣ}}.

===Other systems===
The [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] uses several variations of the letter to represent the different rhotic consonants; {{angbr IPA|r}} represents the [[alveolar trill]].