Editing Quantum gravity (section)

=== Quantum gravity as an effective field theory ===
{{Main|Effective field theory}}
In an [[effective field theory]], not all but the first few of the infinite set of parameters in a nonrenormalizable theory are suppressed by huge energy scales and hence can be neglected when computing low-energy effects. Thus, at least in the low-energy regime, the model is a predictive quantum field theory.<ref name=":0">{{cite book
|last = Donoghue
|first=John F. 
|contribution=Introduction to the Effective Field Theory Description of Gravity
|date=1995
|arxiv=gr-qc/9512024
|editor-last=Cornet
|editor-first=Fernando
|title=Effective Theories: Proceedings of the Advanced School, Almunecar, Spain, 26 June–1 July 1995
|isbn=978-981-02-2908-5
|publisher = [[World Scientific]]
|location = Singapore
|bibcode=1995gr.qc....12024D
}}</ref> Furthermore, many theorists argue that the Standard Model should be regarded as an effective field theory itself, with "nonrenormalizable" interactions suppressed by large energy scales and whose effects have consequently not been observed experimentally.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Phase transitions and renormalization group|last=Zinn-Justin|first=Jean|date=2007|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=9780199665167|location=Oxford|oclc=255563633|author-link=Jean Zinn-Justin}}</ref>

By treating general relativity as an [[effective field theory]], one can actually make legitimate predictions for quantum gravity, at least for low-energy phenomena. An example is the well-known calculation of the tiny first-order quantum-mechanical correction to the classical Newtonian gravitational potential between two masses.<ref name=":0" /> Another example is the calculation of the corrections to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy formula.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Calmet |last2=Kuipers |first1=Xavier |first2=Folkert |title=Quantum gravitational corrections to the entropy of a Schwarzschild black hole |journal=Phys. Rev. D|year=2021 |volume=104 |issue=6 |page=6 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.104.066012 |arxiv=2108.06824 |bibcode=2021PhRvD.104f6012C |s2cid=237091145 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Campos Delgado|first1=Ruben |title=Quantum gravitational corrections to the entropy of a Reissner-Nordström black hole |journal=Eur. Phys. J. C|year=2022 |volume=82 |issue=3 |page=272 |doi=10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10232-0|arxiv=2201.08293 |bibcode=2022EPJC...82..272C |s2cid=247824137 |doi-access=free }}</ref>