Editing Quango (section)

=== New Zealand ===

In New Zealand, quangos are referred to as '[[Crown entity|Crown Entities]]', with the shift occurring in the 1980s during a period of [[Neoliberalism|neoliberalisation]] of the state sector.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Taonga|first=New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu|title=What are Crown entities?|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/crown-entities/page-1|access-date=2021-09-27|website=teara.govt.nz|language=en}}</ref> In 1996, there were an estimated 310 quangos in New Zealand, and an additional 2690 school Boards of Trustees (similar to the American model of [[Board of education|boards of education]]).<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Wistrich|first=Enid|title=Quangos in New Zealand|date=1999|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27027-9_7|work=Quangos, Accountability and Reform: The Politics of Quasi-Government|pages=84–92|editor-last=Flinders|editor-first=Matthew V.|place=London|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-349-27027-9_7|isbn=978-1-349-27027-9|access-date=2021-09-27|editor2-last=Smith|editor2-first=Martin J.}}</ref> Other quangos from 1996 include: "...63 Crown Health Enterprises, 39 tertiary education institutions, 21 Business development boards and 9 Crown Research Institutes. But there were also 71 single crown entities with services ranging from regulatory (e.g. Accounting Standards Review Board, Takeovers Panel) to quasi-judicial (e.g. Police Complaints Authority, Race Relations Conciliator), to the arts (e.g. New Zealand Symphony Orchestra, NZ Film Commission), to social welfare (e.g. Housing Corporation of NZ) and to substantial enterprises (e.g. Auckland International Airport Ltd)."<ref name=":0" />

By 2003, the number of quangos had increased to an estimated 400 (excluding Board of Trustees), with more than 3,000 people sitting on governance boards that were appointed by successive governments.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Newman|first=Muriel|title=The Great Quango Hunt|url=https://www.nzcpr.com/the-great-quango-hunt/|access-date=2021-09-27|website=nzcpr.com|language=en-US}}</ref> This appointment of people to governance boards has been widely criticised by political parties and political commentators as a form of [[cronyism]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2008|title=mccully.co.nz – 25 July 2008 |url=https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0807/S00480.htm|access-date=2021-09-27|website=scoop.co.nz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Articles About ACC|url=https://accforum.org/forums/index.php?/topic/11-articles-about-acc/page__st__60|access-date=2021-09-27|website=ACCforum|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Editorial: This one's not a quango, it's a good example|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/politics/editorial-this-ones-not-a-quango-its-a-good-example/IMV7HLYKNAQ6D3DNSY5OYVGUQY/|access-date=2021-09-27|website=The New Zealand Herald|date=4 June 2011 |language=en-NZ}}</ref>

In 2010, there were 2,607 crown entities (including Board of Trustees) with annual expenditure of $32billion in 2009/2010.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Taonga|first=New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu|title=Crown entities|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/crown-entities|access-date=2021-09-27|website=teara.govt.nz|language=en}}</ref>