Editing Putney (section)

==Putney Heath==
[[File:Putney Heath, Hartley Memorial Obelisk.jpg|thumb|Hartley Memorial Obelisk]]
[[Charles II of England|Charles II]] reviewed his forces on Putney Heath in 1684; in May 1767, [[George III]] reviewed the Guards, and the Surrey Volunteers at the same spot in 1799.<ref name="Geikie, J. C. 1903 p. 85">Geikie, J. C. (1903). ''The Fascination of London: Hammersmith, Fulham and Putney''. London: A & C Black, p. 85.</ref> According to Samuel Pepys, [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] and his brother, the [[James II of England|Duke of York]], used to run horses here.

A stone and brick obelisk was erected on Putney Heath in 1770, marking the 110th anniversary of the [[Great Fire of London]], to coincide with the invention of the Hartley fire plates by [[David Hartley (the Younger)]], near a spot where his fireproof house was built. The obelisk, with ornately detailed foundation stone, is still standing and can be accessed via the car park adjacent to The Telegraph public house, off Wildcroft Road, SW15. The lower part of this house was repeatedly set on fire in the presence, among others, of [[King George III]] and [[Queen Charlotte]], the members of Parliament, the Lord Mayor, and the Aldermen.<ref name="Geikie, J. C. 1903 p. 84">Geikie, J. C. (1903). ''The Fascination of London: Hammersmith, Fulham and Putney''. London: A & C Black, p. 84.</ref> Since 1955 the obelisk has been a Grade II listed building.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-207057-hartley-memorial-obelisk-north-east-of-w|title=Hartley Memorial Obelisk (North East of Wildcroft Manor) - Wandsworth|work=britishlistedbuildings.co.uk}}</ref> The adjacent [[Wildcroft Manor]] was formerly in the ownership of publishing magnate [[Sir George Newnes|George Newnes]], builder of [[Putney Library]]. In 1895 he was created a [[baronet]] "of Wildcroft, in the parish of Putney, in the [[county of London]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26598 |date=15 February 1895 |page=911 }}</ref>

Many duels were undertaken on Putney Heath. In May 1652, [[George Brydges, 6th Baron Chandos]], and Colonel Henry Compton fought with Compton being killed in the encounter. On a Sunday afternoon in May 1798 [[William Pitt the Younger|William Pitt]], the then Prime Minister, who lived in Bowling-Green House on the heath, fought a bloodless battle with William Tierney, MP. The house derived its name from the bowling-green formerly attached to it, and for more than sixty years (1690–1750) was the most famous green in the neighbourhood of London. The house had large rooms for public breakfasts and assemblies, was a fashionable place of entertainment, and noted for "deep play." Pitt died in the house in 1806. It was later owned by Henry Lewis Doulton, son of [[Henry Doulton]] of pottery fame. It was demolished and an [[art deco]] style residence rebuilt on the site in 1933. Putney Heath, near the Telegraph pub, was also the venue for the September 1809 [[duel]] between Cabinet ministers [[George Canning]] and [[Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh|Lord Castlereagh]].<ref>Geikie, J. C. (1903), ''The Fascination of London: Hammersmith, Fulham and Putney''. London: A & C Black, pp. 84–86.</ref>

[[Scio House Hospital|Scio House]] was the last villa on Portsmouth Road abutting the heath: it eventually became a hospital and was known as Scio House Hospital for Officers, Putney.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/debates/?id=1948-03-25a.3319.3 |title=Voluntary Hospitals, London|publisher=UK Parliament|date=25 March 1948|access-date=1 August 2012}}</ref> It has since been redeveloped as a gated community of 70 neo-Georgian homes divided between two streets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lyndengate.co.uk/index.html |title=Welcome|publisher=Lynden Gate|access-date=1 August 2012}}</ref>

Putney Heath is around {{convert|400|acre|ha|abbr=off|-1}} less the A3 road in size and rises to {{convert|45|m}} above sea level. Because of its elevation, from 1796 to 1816 Putney Heath hosted a station in the [[Semaphore line|shutter telegraph chain]], which connected the Admiralty in London to its naval ships in [[Portsmouth]]. One of 10 signal stations with telescopes making observation of the next station's signal, a message could be sent from the Admiralty to Portsmouth within 15 minutes.<ref>Wandsworth Council, ''Putney Heath Appraisal & Management Strategy'' (2008), p. 13.</ref> This was replaced by a semaphore station, which was part of a [[semaphore line]] that operated between 1822 and 1847.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thetelegraphputney.co.uk/telegraph-history.php|title=The Telegraph, Putney Heath, Telegraph Station History, Telegraph Pub|author=Propeller Communications|work=The Telegraph Putney|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227075329/http://www.thetelegraphputney.co.uk/telegraph-history.php|archive-date=27 December 2013}}</ref>

Putney Heath was for many years a noted rendezvous for highwaymen. In 1795, the notorious highwayman [[Jerry Abershawe|Jeremiah Abershaw]] – also known as Jerry Avershaw – was caught in the Green Man pub (now owned by [[Wandsworth]] pub company [[Young's]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.youngs.co.uk/pub-detail.asp?PubID=405|title=Green Man – youngs.co.uk|access-date=11 September 2011|archive-date=13 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113143858/http://www.youngs.co.uk/pub-detail.asp?PubID=405|url-status=dead}}</ref>) on the northside of the heath where Putney Hill meets Tibbet's Ride. After execution his body was hung in chains on the heath as a warning to others.<ref>{{cite web|last=Harper |first=Charles G|url=https://www.ajhw.co.uk/books/book232/book232d/book232d.html |title=The Portsmouth Road and its Tributaries: To-day and in days of old|page=69 |year=1895 |publisher=Chapman & Hall|location=London}} (Accessed 30 July 2021)</ref> An ancient wood fence cattle pound is located opposite the Green Man, adjacent to two huge plane trees, near the bus terminus. This simple wood fence structure, used historically to contain lost livestock, has been listed as a Grade II listed structure since 1983.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-207108-village-pond-putney|title=Village Pond - Wandsworth - Greater London - England - British Listed Buildings|author=Good Stuff|work=britishlistedbuildings.co.uk}}</ref>

A number of fine homes lined Putney Hill and the north face of the heath, west of the Green Man. All had semi-circular carriageway entrances and exits.<ref name=bailey>Bailey, Keith. ''Old Ordnance Survey Maps, Putney 1913''. South Shields: Godfrey Maps</ref> These included Grantham House, the residence of Lady Grantham; Ripon House, Ashburton House; Exeter House, occupied by the [[Marquis of Exeter|second Marquis of Exeter]]. [[George Cokayne]], author of peerage and baronetage publications, died at Exeter House in 1911.<ref name = Cokayne>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/cu31924092524374|title=Complete baronetage|first=George E. (George Edward)|last=Cokayne|date=17 May 1900|publisher=Exeter: W. Pollard & co., ltd.|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> Nearby Gifford House was owned by the J. D. Charrington of brewing fame; and Dover House, was the seat originally of [[Lord Dover]], afterwards of [[Thomas Agar-Robartes, 6th Viscount Clifden|Lord Clifden]]. It was owned at the turn of the 20th century by the famous US financier [[JP Morgan]].<ref>Geikie, J. C. (1903). ''The Fascination of London: Hammersmith, Fulham and Putney''. London: A & C Black, p. 83.</ref>

With the development of transport routes for the growing financial sector, the area became highly desirable for City gents in the 1890s and they were initially known as "outsiders".<ref>Roehampton Cricket Club, ''Towards the Second Century'' (1951), p. 6.</ref> In 1900, social researcher [[Charles Booth (philanthropist)|Charles Booth]] had classified the whole area of Putney Hill and West Hill, leading into Putney Heath, as wealthy or well-to-do. Despite a full array of places of worship, he said it was noted for low [[church attendance]] with all denominations "struggling for the souls of pleasure-seeking Putney... the middle class here are as indifferent as the poor elsewhere."<ref name=bailey/>

The village green at the corner of Wildcroft and Telegraph Roads is used by Roehampton Cricket Club and is one of the oldest cricket teams in London, established 1842. The club has played there continuously since 1859 when lord of the manor, Earl Spencer, suggested it as a new site.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roehamptoncricketclub.com|title=Roehampton Cricket Club|work=Pitchero}}</ref> It has two sides in the highly competitive Fullers Surrey County League and a Sunday side that plays on a more social level. In 1900, a decade after the death of his multi-millionaire father [[Junius Spencer Morgan|Junius Morgan]], JP Morgan gained a fondness for the sport and was made an honorary member.<ref>Roehampton Cricket Club, ''Towards the Second Century'' (1951), p. 11.</ref> Antarctic explorer [[Ernest Shackleton|Sir Ernest Shackleton]], the honorary member who presided at the club dinner in 1910, allowed his two young children<ref>[http://www.jamescairdsociety.com/shackleton-news.php?id=105140 "Shackleton News"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227075520/http://www.jamescairdsociety.com/shackleton-news.php?id=105140 |date=27 December 2013 }} James Caird Society</ref> to play cowboys and Indians on the cricket green during the week.<ref>Roehampton Cricket Club ''Towards the Second Century'' (1951), p.4</ref>

The Chelsea Water Company originally owned the reservoir site and allowed construction of the club pavilion on its property.<ref name="Geikie, J. C. 1903 p. 84"/> The reservoir site is now owned by [[Thames Water]]. Cricket matches continued during the war although some games started late or were drawn due to late starts or air raid sirens. Four German [[V-1 flying bomb]]s struck the area in World War II.<ref name=bailey/> One destroyed the club's pavilion, opposite the Telegraph pub, in July 1944, near where the covered water reservoir is located. Wildcroft Road, turning into Portsmouth Road and thus the future A3, was a main thoroughfare into SW London and became a stop-off point for American serviceman who alighted from their jeeps to "taste this crazy cricket game"<ref>Roehampton Cricket Club, ''Towards the Second Century'' (1951), p. 16.</ref>

On the south side of the reservoir, in the triangle of land between Wildcroft Road, Tibbet's Ride and the Green Man, is a large clearing of land. A funfair is set up on the grounds each October, lasting for one week. Ground rent is paid by the touring company to the Wimbledon and Putney Commons Conservators, as part of the income of the charity.<ref>[http://www.charity-commission.gov.uk/Showcharity/RegisterOfCharities/DocumentList.aspx?RegisteredCharityNumber=303167&SubsidiaryNumber=0&DocType=AccountList Commons Conservators] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090205012523/http://www.charity-commission.gov.uk/Showcharity/RegisterOfCharities/DocumentList.aspx?RegisteredCharityNumber=303167&SubsidiaryNumber=0&DocType=AccountList |date=5 February 2009 }} UK Charity Commission's summary</ref>