Editing Punk rock (section)

== Etymology ==
Between the late 16th and the 18th centuries, punk was a common, coarse synonym for prostitute; [[William Shakespeare]] used it with that meaning in ''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]]'' (1602) and ''[[Measure for Measure]]'' (1603–4).<ref>Dickson (1982), p. 230.</ref> The term eventually came to describe "a young male hustler, a gangster, a hoodlum, or a ruffian".<ref>Leblanc (1999), p. 35.</ref>

The first known use of the phrase "punk rock" appeared in the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' on March 22, 1970, when [[Ed Sanders]], co-founder of New York's anarcho-prankster band [[the Fugs]] described his first solo album as "punk rock – redneck sentimentality".<ref name="flashbak1">{{cite web |first=J.P. |last=Robinson |url=https://flashbak.com/the-story-of-punk-421670/ |title=The Story Of 'Punk' |publisher=Flashbak |date=November 30, 2019 |access-date=2022-02-25 |archive-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222221134/https://flashbak.com/the-story-of-punk-421670/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Shapiro (2006), p. 492.</ref> In 1969 Sanders recorded a song for an album called "Street Punk" but it was only released in 2008.<ref name="flashbak1" /> In the December 1970 issue of [[Creem]], [[Lester Bangs]], mocking more mainstream rock musicians, ironically referred to [[Iggy Pop]] as "that Stooge punk".<ref>Bangs, Lester, "Of Pop and Pies and Fun" Archived December 17, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Creem, December 1970. Retrieved on November 29, 2007.</ref> [[Suicide (band)|Suicide]]'s [[Alan Vega]] credits this usage with inspiring his duo to bill its gigs as "punk music" or a "punk mass" for the next couple of years.<ref>Nobahkt (2004), p. 38.</ref>

In the March 1971 issue of Creem, critic [[Greg Shaw]] wrote about the [[Shadows of Knight]]'s "hard-edge punk sound". In an April 1971 issue of ''[[Rolling Stone]]'', he referred to a track by [[the Guess Who]] as "good, not too imaginative, punk rock and roll". The same month John Medelsohn described [[Alice Cooper]]'s album ''[[Love It to Death]]'' as "nicely wrought mainstream punk raunch".<ref>{{cite web |first1=Mark |last1=Otto |first2=Jacob |last2=Thornton |others=Bootstrap contributors |url=https://www.alicecooperechive.com/articles/feature/rost/710415 |title=Rolling Stone: April 15, 1971 |publisher=Alice Cooper eChive |date=April 15, 1971 |access-date=2022-02-25 |archive-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222221134/https://www.alicecooperechive.com/articles/feature/rost/710415 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Dave Marsh]] used the term in the May 1971 issue of ''[[Creem]]'', where he described [[Question Mark & the Mysterians|? and the Mysterians]] as giving a "landmark exposition of punk rock".<ref>Shapiro (2006), p. 492. Taylor (2003) misidentifies the year of publication as 1970 (p. 16).</ref> Later in 1971, in his fanzine ''[[Bomp!|Who Put the Bomp]]'', [[Greg Shaw]] wrote about "what I have chosen to call "punkrock" bands—white teenage hard rock of '64–66 ([[Standells]], Kingsmen, [[Shadows of Knight]], etc.)".<ref>Gendron (2002), p. 348 n. 13.</ref>{{refn|group=nb|[[Robert Christgau]] writing for the Village Voice in October 1971 refers to "mid-60s punk" as a historical period of rock-and-roll.<ref name="Christgau (60s punk)">{{cite journal |last1=Christgau |first1=Robert |author1-link=Robert Christgau |title=Consumer Guide (20) |journal=The Village Voice |date=October 14, 1971 |url=http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/cg/cg20.php |access-date=July 23, 2016 |archive-date=September 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903214950/http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/cg/cg20.php |url-status=live}}</ref>}} [[Lester Bangs]] used the term "punk rock" in several articles written in the early 1970s to refer to mid-1960s garage acts.{{sfn|Bangs|2003|pp=8, 56, 57, 61, 64, 101}}

In the liner notes of the 1972 anthology LP, ''[[Nuggets: Original Artyfacts from the First Psychedelic Era, 1965–1968|Nuggets]]'', musician and rock journalist [[Lenny Kaye]], later a member of the Patti Smith Group, used the term "punk rock" to describe the genre of 1960s garage bands and "garage-punk", to describe a song recorded in 1966 by the Shadows of Knight.<ref name="letitrock">Houghton, Mick, "White Punks on Coke", ''Let It Rock''. December 1975.</ref> [[Nick Kent]] referred to Iggy Pop as the "Punk Messiah of the Teenage Wasteland" in his review of [[the Stooges]] July 1972 performance at [[King's Cross Cinema]] in London for a British magazine called Cream (no relation to the more famous US publication).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.peterstanfield.com/blog/tag/Patrice+Kindl |title=Photographing Iggy and the Stooges at King Sound, Kings Cross, 1972 |website=peterstanfield.com |date=October 25, 2021 |access-date=December 9, 2021 }}</ref> In the January 1973 ''Rolling Stone'' review of ''Nuggets'', Greg Shaw commented "Punk rock is a fascinating genre... Punk rock at its best is the closest we came in the '60s to the original rockabilly spirit of Rock 'n Roll."<ref name="Shaw (Review of Nuggets)">{{cite magazine|last1=Shaw|first1=Greg|title=Punk Rock: the arrogant underbelly of Sixties pop (review of Nuggets)|magazine=Rolling Stone|page=68|date=January 4, 1973}}</ref> In February 1973, Terry Atkinson of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', reviewing the debut album by a hard rock band, [[Aerosmith]], declared that it "achieves all that punk-rock bands strive for but most miss."<ref>Atkinson, Terry, "Hits and Misses", ''Los Angeles Times'', February 17, 1973, p. B6.</ref> A March 1973 review of an Iggy and the Stooges show in the ''[[Detroit Free Press]]'' dismissively referred to Pop as "the apotheosis of Detroit punk music".<ref>{{cite news |title=Detroit Press Ford review |date=March 30, 1973 |newspaper=Detroit Free Press |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/53086946/detroit-free-press-ford-review-30373/ |via=newspapers.com |access-date=December 9, 2021 }}</ref> In May 1973, Billy Altman launched the short-lived ''punk magazine'' in [[Buffalo, NY]] which was largely devoted to discussion of 1960s garage and psychedelic acts.
<ref name="Laing (punk/Altman)">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQZ_BwAAQBAJ&q=billy+altman+punk+magazine&pg=PA23|title=One Chord Wonders: Power and Meaning in Punk Rock|last1=Laing|first1=Dave|date=2015|publisher=PM Press|edition=Second|location=Oakland, CA|page=23|isbn=9781629630335|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=May 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507014413/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQZ_BwAAQBAJ&q=billy+altman+punk+magazine&pg=PA23|url-status=live}} – Laing mentions original "punk" magazine. He indicates that much "punk" fanfare in the early 70s was in relation to mid-60s garage rock and artists perceived as following in that tradition.</ref><ref>Sauders, "Metal" Mike. "Blue Cheer More Pumice than Lava." ''punk magazine''. Fall 1973. In this ''punk magazine'' article Saunders discusses Randy Holden, former member of garage rock acts [[The Other Half (band)|the Other Half]] and [[the Sons of Adam]], then later protopunk/heavy rock band, Blue Cheer. He refers to an album by the Other Half as "acid punk."</ref>

[[File:Iggy-Pop 1977.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=A rock band is onstage. A drumkit is on the left. A singer, Iggy Pop, sings into a microphone. He is wearing jeans and has no shirt on.|[[Iggy Pop]], the "godfather of punk"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/iggy-pop-still-the-godfather-of-punk/|title=Iggy Pop: Still the 'godfather of punk'|date=January 8, 2017|work=CBS News|access-date=October 20, 2018|archive-date=February 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225001946/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/iggy-pop-still-the-godfather-of-punk/|url-status=live}}</ref>]]
In May 1974, ''Los Angeles Times'' critic [[Robert Hilburn]] reviewed the second New York Dolls album, ''[[Too Much Too Soon (album)|Too Much Too Soon]]''. "I told ya the New York Dolls were the real thing," he wrote, describing the album as "perhaps the best example of raw, thumb-your-nose-at-the-world, punk rock since [[the Rolling Stones]]' ''[[Exile on Main Street]]''."<ref>Hilburn, Robert, "Touch of Stones in Dolls' Album", ''Los Angeles Times'', May 7, 1974, p. C12.</ref> In a 1974 interview for his fanzine ''Heavy Metal Digest'', [[Danny Sugerman]] told Iggy Pop "You went on record as saying you never were a punk" and Iggy replied "...well I ain't. I never was a punk."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RwpJFOSyEmEC&pg=PT202|title=Gimme Danger: The Story of Iggy Pop|first=Joe|last=Ambrose|date=November 11, 2009|publisher=Omnibus Press|isbn=978-0-8571-2031-1|access-date=September 10, 2017|archive-date=August 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819211657/https://books.google.com/books?id=RwpJFOSyEmEC&pg=PT202|url-status=live}}</ref>

By 1975, ''punk'' was being used to describe acts as diverse as the [[Patti Smith Group]], the [[Bay City Rollers]], and [[Bruce Springsteen]].<ref name="sav131">Savage (1991), p. 131.</ref> As the scene at New York's [[CBGB]] club attracted notice, a name was sought for the developing sound. Club owner [[Hilly Kristal]] called the movement ''"Street rock"''; [[John Holmstrom]] credits ''[[The Aquarian Weekly|Aquarian]]'' magazine with using ''punk'' "to describe what was going on at CBGBs".<ref>Savage (1991), pp. 130–131.</ref> Holmstrom, [[Legs McNeil]], and Ged Dunn's magazine ''[[Punk (magazine)|Punk]]'', which debuted at the end of 1975, was crucial in codifying the term.<ref>Taylor (2003), pp. 16–17.</ref> "It was pretty obvious that the word was getting very popular", Holmstrom later remarked. "We figured we'd take the name before anyone else claimed it. We wanted to get rid of the bullshit, strip it down to rock 'n' roll. We wanted the fun and liveliness back."<ref name="sav131" />