Editing Pune (section)

=== Peshwa Rule ===
In 1720, [[Baji Rao I]] was appointed [[Peshwa]] (prime minister) of the [[Maratha Empire]] by [[Shahu I]], the fifth [[Chhatrapati]] of the [[Maratha Empire]].<ref name="Mehta2005">{{cite book|author=Jaswant Lal Mehta|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707–1813|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC|date=1 January 2005|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-1-932705-54-6|page=89}}</ref> As the Peshwa, Bajirao moved his base from [[Saswad]] to Pune in 1728, marking the beginning of the transformation of what was a ''[[kasbah]]'' into a city.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kosambi|first=Meera|date=1989|editor-last=Gokhale|editor-first=Balkrishna Govind|title=Glory of Peshwa Pune|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=24|issue=5|pages=247–250|jstor=4394341}}</ref><ref name="gokhale1">{{Cite journal|last=Gokhale|first=Balkrishna Govind|date=1985|title=The Religious Complex in Eighteenth-Century Pune|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society|volume=105|issue=4|pages=719–724|doi=10.2307/602730|jstor=602730 |issn=0003-0279}}</ref> He also commissioned the construction of the [[Shaniwar Wada]] on the high grounds of right bank of the [[Mutha River]]. The construction was completed in 1730, ushering in the era of Peshwa control of the city. Bajirao's son and successor, Nanasaheb constructed a lake at [[Katraj]] on the outskirts of the city and an underground aqueduct to bring water from the lake to Shaniwar Wada and the city.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Khare|first1=K. C.|last2=Jadhav|first2=M. S.|date=2008|title=Water Quality Assessment of Katraj Lake, Pune (Maharashtra, India): A Case Study|url=http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/nlcp/B%20-%20Water%20Quality/B-20.pdf|journal=Proceedings of Taal2007|volume=The 12th World Lake Conference|pages=292–299|access-date=28 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417140656/http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/nlcp/B%20-%20Water%20Quality/B-20.pdf|archive-date=17 April 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C39&q=Deluge+in+Poona+S+Brahme%2C+P+GOLE&btnG=|title=Deluge in Poona: Aftermath and rehabilitation|last1=Brahme|first1=Sulabha|last2=Gole|first2=Prakash|publisher=Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics; Asia Publishing House|year=1967|location=Poona|pages=14–47|access-date=28 April 2018|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225145817/https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C39&q=Deluge+in+Poona+S+Brahme%2C+P+GOLE&btnG=|url-status=live}}</ref> The aqueduct was still in working order in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |title=It's true: Peshwa-era water duct still fresh! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/its-true-peshwa-era-water-duct-still-fresh/articleshow/480812.cms |access-date=10 June 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=7 February 2004 |archive-date=20 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620050500/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Its-true-Peshwa-era-water-duct-still-fresh/articleshow/480812.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Palande-Datar |first1=Saili K |title=Sutradhara's tales: 350-year old Peshwa-era Katraj nahar keeps Pune water secure even today |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/sutradharas-tales-350-year-old-peshwa-era-katraj-nahar-keeps-pune-water-secure-even-today-101631102664591.html |access-date=10 June 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |date=8 September 2021|archive-date=10 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610094956/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/sutradharas-tales-350-year-old-peshwa-era-katraj-nahar-keeps-pune-water-secure-even-today-101631102664591.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{multiple image
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| image1            = Poonah - British Library X123(13).jpg
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| caption1          = [[Mula-Mutha River|Sangamwadi]], Poona in 1809.
| image2            = British defence plan during Battle of Koregaon.jpg
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| caption2          = British defence plan during Battle of Koregaon
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The patronage of the Maratha Peshwas resulted in a great expansion of Pune, with the construction of around 250 temples and bridges in the city, including the Lakdi Pul<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 April 2011 |title=Lakdi Pul: 250-yr-old living history |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/lakdi-pul-250-yr-old-living-history/articleshow/8121306.cms |access-date=6 July 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and the temples on [[Parvati Hill]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Preston|first=Laurence W.|date=April 2002|title=Shrines and neighbourhood in early nineteenth-century Pune, India|journal=Journal of Historical Geography|volume=28|issue=2|pages=203–215|doi=10.1006/jhge.2001.0398|issn=0305-7488}}</ref> and many [[Hanuman|Maruti]], [[Vithoba]], [[Vishnu]], [[Shiva|Mahadeo]], [[Rama]], [[Krishna]], and [[Ganesh]] temples. The building of temples led to religion being responsible for about 15% of the city's economy during this period.<ref name="gokhale1"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Kulthe |first=Bhagyashree |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-shaniwarwada-was-centre-of-indian-politics-ninad-bedekar-1618983 |title=Shaniwarwada was centre of Indian politics: Ninad Bedekar |work=DNA |date=29 November 2011 |access-date=17 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320015359/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_shaniwarwada-was-centre-of-indian-politics-ninad-bedekar_1618983 |archive-date=20 March 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pune prospered as a city during the reign of [[Nanasaheb Peshwa]]. He developed [[Saras Baug]], Heera Baug, Parvati Hill and new commercial, [[trading]], and residential localities. [[Sadashiv Peth, Pune|Sadashiv Peth]], [[Narayan Peth, Pune|Narayan Peth]], [[Rasta Peth, Pune|Rasta Peth]] and [[Nana Peth, Pune|Nana Peth]] were developed. The Peshwa's influence in India declined after the defeat of Maratha forces at the [[Battle of Panipat (1761)|Battle of Panipat]] but Pune remained the seat of power. In 1802 Pune was captured by [[Yashwantrao Holkar]] in the [[Battle of Poona]], directly precipitating the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] of 1803–1805. The Peshwa rule ended with the defeat of Peshwa [[Baji Rao II|Bajirao II]] by the [[East India Company|British East India Company]] in 1818.<ref name="Naravane2006">{{cite book|author=M. S. Naravane|title=Battles of the Honourable East India Company: Making of the Raj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bxsa3jtHoCEC&pg=PR7|year=2006|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-313-0034-3|pages=80–86}}</ref>

Historian [[Govind Sakharam Sardesai]] lists 163 prominent families that held high ranks and played significant roles in politics, military, and finance in 18th century Pune. Of these 163 families, a majority(80) were [[Deshastha Brahmins]], 46 were [[Chitpawan]], 15 were [[Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu]]([[CKP]]) whereas [[Karhade Brahmin]] and [[Saraswat]] accounted for 11 families each.<ref name="Gokhale1988">{{cite book|author=[[Balkrishna Govind Gokhale]]|title=Poona in the Eighteenth Century: An Urban History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i9QcAAAAMAAJ|pages=111, 112|year=1988|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195621372|quote=The caste composition of these leaders throws an interesting light on the nature and functioning of the upper echelons of Poona society. The late Professor G.S.Sardesai compiled a list of prominent historical families who played significant political, military and financial roles in Poona's affairs during the Eighteenth Century. The list contains the names and genealogies of 163 families. The caste affiliations of the families are Deshasthas 80 Chitpawans 46 Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhus 15 Karhadas 11 Saraswats 11.}}</ref>