Editing Proteinuria (section)

==Pathophysiology==

[[Protein]] is the building block of all living organisms.<ref name="Lab Tests Online">{{cite web | title=Urine Protein | website=Lab Tests Online | url=https://labtestsonline.org/tests/urine-protein-and-urine-protein-creatinine-ratio | access-date=21 May 2019}}</ref> When kidneys are functioning properly by filtering the blood, they distinguish the proteins from the wastes which were previously present together in the blood.<ref name="Lab Tests Online"/> Thereafter, kidneys retain or reabsorb the filtered proteins and return them to the circulating blood while removing wastes by excreting them in the urine.<ref name="Lab Tests Online"/> Whenever the kidney is compromised, their ability to filter the blood by differentiating protein from the waste, or retaining the filtered protein then returning which back to the body, is damaged.<ref name="Lab Tests Online"/> As a result, there is a significant amount of protein to be discharged along with waste in the urine that makes the concentration of proteins in urine high enough to be detected by medical machine.<ref name="Lab Tests Online"/>

Medical testing equipment has improved over time, and as a result tests are better able to detect smaller quantities of protein.<ref name="Lab Tests Online"/> Protein in urine is considered normal as long as the value remains within the normal reference range.<ref name="Lab Tests Online"/> Variation exists between healthy patients, and it is generally considered harmless for the kidney to fail to retain a few proteins in the blood, letting those protein discharge from the body through urine.<ref name="Lab Tests Online"/>

===Albumin and immunoglobins===

Albumin is a protein produced by the liver which makes up roughly 50%-60% of the total proteins in the blood while the other 40%-50% are proteins other than albumin, such as immunoglobins.<ref name="Lab Tests Online II">{{cite web | title=Globulin | website=Lab Tests Online | url=https://labtestsonline.org/glossary/globulin | access-date=22 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="Lab Tests Online"/> This is why [[albuminuria|the concentration of albumin in the urine]] is one of the single sensitive indicators of kidney disease, particularly for those with diabetes or hypertension, compared to routine proteinuria examination.<ref name="Lab Tests Online"/>

As the loss of proteins from the body progresses, the suffering will gradually become symptomatic.<ref name="Lab Tests Online"/>

The exception applies to the scenario when there's an overproduction of proteins in the body, in which the kidney is not to blame.<ref name="Lab Tests Online"/>