Editing Product liability (section)

=====Nationwide adoption of product liability=====

In turn, Prosser was able to propagate the ''Greenman'' holding to a nationwide audience because the American Law Institute had appointed him as the official reporter of the [[Restatement of Torts, Second]].<ref name="Kiely" />  The Institute approved the Restatement's final draft in 1964 and published it in 1965; the Restatement codified the ''Greenman'' doctrine in Section 402A.<ref name="Kiely" /><ref name="HowellsPage_207" />  ''Greenman'' and Section 402A "spread like wildfire across America".<ref name="HowellsPage_208">{{cite book |last1=Howells |first1=Geraint |last2=Owen |first2=David G. |editor1-last=Howells |editor1-first=Geraint |editor2-last=Ramsay |editor2-first=Iain |editor3-last=Wilhelmsson |editor3-first=Thomas |title=Handbook of Research on International Consumer Law |date=2018 |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |location=Cheltenham |pages=202–230 |edition=2nd |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=codlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA208 |access-date=31 May 2020 |chapter=Products liability law in America and Europe|isbn=9781785368219 }}</ref> The [[state supreme court|highest courts]] of nearly all U.S. states and territories (and a few [[State legislature (United States)|state legislatures]]) embraced this "bold new doctrine" during the late 1960s and 1970s.<ref name="Owen" />  As of 2018, the five exceptions who have rejected strict liability are Delaware, Massachusetts, Michigan, North Carolina, and Virginia.<ref name="HowellsPage_208" />  In four of those states, warranty law has been so broadly construed in favor of plaintiffs that only North Carolina truly lacks anything resembling strict liability in tort for defective products.<ref name="Graham">{{cite journal |last1=Graham |first1=Kyle |title=Strict Products Liability at 50: Four Histories |journal=Marquette Law Review |date=2014 |volume=98 |issue=2 |pages=555–624 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.2385731|url=https://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1863&context=facpubs }}</ref> (North Carolina's judiciary never attempted to adopt the doctrine, and the state legislature enacted a statute expressly banning strict liability for defective products in 1995.<ref name="Graham" /><ref>[https://www.ncleg.gov/enactedlegislation/statutes/pdf/bysection/chapter_99b/gs_99b-1.1.pdf N.C. Gen. Stat. § 99B-1.1] (1995).</ref>) In a landmark 1986 decision, the U.S. Supreme Court also embraced strict liability for defective products by adopting it as part of [[United States admiralty law|federal admiralty law]].<ref>''[https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/476/858/ East River S. S. Corp. v. Transamerica Delaval Inc.]'', {{ussc|476|858|1986}}.</ref>