Editing Privacy (section)

====Police and government====
{{main|#Legal right to privacy}}
{{further|Police|Police body camera|PRISM (surveillance program)}}
{{see also|The Wire}}

Police and citizens often conflict on what degree the police can intrude a citizen's digital privacy. For instance, in 2012, the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] ruled unanimously in ''[[United States v. Jones (2012)|United States v. Jones]]'' (565 U.S. 400), in the case of Antoine Jones who was arrested of drug possession using a [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] tracker on his car that was placed without a warrant, that warrantless tracking infringes the [[Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourth Amendment]]. The Supreme Court also justified that there is some "reasonable expectation of privacy" in transportation since the reasonable expectation of privacy had already been established under ''Griswold v. Connecticut'' (1965). The Supreme Court also further clarified that the Fourth Amendment did not only pertain to physical instances of intrusion but also digital instances, and thus ''United States v. Jones'' became a landmark case.<ref>{{Cite web|title=United States v. Jones|url=https://www.oyez.org/cases/2011/10-1259|access-date=2021-09-27|website=Oyez}}</ref>

In 2014, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously in ''[[Riley v. California]]'' (573 U.S. 373), where David Leon Riley was arrested after he was pulled over for driving on expired license tags when the police searched his phone and discovered that he was tied to a shooting, that searching a citizen's phone without a warrant was an unreasonable search, a violation of the Fourth Amendment. The Supreme Court concluded that the cell phones contained personal information different from trivial items, and went beyond to state that information stored on the cloud was not necessarily a form of evidence. ''Riley v. California'' evidently became a landmark case, protecting the digital protection of citizen's privacy when confronted with the police.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Riley v. California|url=https://www.oyez.org/cases/2013/13-132|access-date=2021-09-27|website=Oyez}}</ref>

A recent notable occurrence of the conflict between law enforcement and a citizen in terms of digital privacy has been in the 2018 case, ''[[Carpenter v. United States]]'' (585 U.S. ____). In this case, the FBI used cell phone records without a warrant to arrest Timothy Ivory Carpenter on multiple charges, and the Supreme Court ruled that the warrantless search of cell phone records violated the Fourth Amendment, citing that the Fourth Amendment protects "reasonable expectations of privacy" and that information sent to third parties still falls under data that can be included under "reasonable expectations of privacy".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Carpenter v. United States|url=https://www.oyez.org/cases/2017/16-402|access-date=2021-09-27|website=Oyez}}</ref>

Beyond law enforcement, many interactions between the government and citizens have been revealed either lawfully or unlawfully, specifically through whistleblowers. One notable example is [[Edward Snowden]], who released multiple operations related to the mass surveillance operations of the [[National Security Agency]] (NSA), where it was discovered that the NSA continues to breach the security of millions of people, mainly through mass surveillance programs whether it was collecting great amounts of data through third party private companies, hacking into other embassies or frameworks of international countries, and various breaches of data, which prompted a culture shock and stirred international debate related to digital privacy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=17 disturbing things Snowden has taught us (so far)|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2013-07-09/17-disturbing-things-snowden-has-taught-us-so-far|access-date=2021-09-28|website=The World from PRX|date=30 July 2016 |language=en}}</ref>