Editing Post-traumatic stress disorder (section)

==== Intimate partner and sexual violence ====
{{main|Intimate partner violence}}{{see also|Rape trauma syndrome}}An individual that has been exposed to [[domestic violence]] is predisposed to the development of PTSD. There is a strong association between the development of PTSD in mothers that experienced domestic violence during the [[perinatal]] period of their pregnancy.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Howard LM, Oram S, Galley H, Trevillion K, Feder G |title=Domestic violence and perinatal mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=[[PLOS Medicine]] |volume=10 |issue=5 |pages=e1001452 |date=2013 |pmid=23723741 |pmc=3665851 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001452 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Those who have experienced sexual assault or rape may develop symptoms of PTSD.<ref name="Hoffman20162">{{cite book |title=Williams Gynecology |veditors=Hoffman BL, Schorge JO, Bradshaw KD, Halvorson LM, Schaffer JI, Corton MM |date=2016 |publisher=[[McGraw Hill]] Professional |isbn=978-0-07-184909-8 |edition=3rd}}</ref><ref name="Suris20042">{{cite journal |vauthors=Surís A, Lind L, Kashner TM, Borman PD, Petty F |s2cid=14118203 |title=Sexual assault in women veterans: an examination of PTSD risk, health care utilization, and cost of care |journal=[[Psychosomatic Medicine]] |volume=66 |issue=5 |pages=749–56 |date=2004 |pmid=15385701 |doi=10.1097/01.psy.0000138117.58559.7b |citeseerx=10.1.1.508.9827}}</ref> The likelihood of sustained symptoms of PTSD is higher if the rapist confined or restrained the person, if the person being raped believed the rapist would kill them, the person who was raped was very young or very old, and if the rapist was someone they knew. The likelihood of sustained severe symptoms is also higher if people around the survivor ignore (or are ignorant of) the rape or blame the rape survivor.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mason F, Lodrick Z |title=Psychological consequences of sexual assault |journal=Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=27–37 |date=February 2013 |pmid=23182852 |doi=10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.08.015 }}</ref>