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==Geography== [[File:Combat de marracuene.jpg|thumb|[[Marracuene]] was the site of a decisive battle between Portuguese and King [[Gungunhana]] of [[Gaza Empire|Gaza]] in 1895.]] [[File:Gurue Mount Murresse.jpg|thumb|Mount Murresse in Gurué (tea plantation).]] [[File:Portuguese East Africa. Military Road Map. South Sheet. 2 MS. compilations for 3rd Revision (incomplete). War Office ledger (WOMAT-AFR-MOZ-7-2-1).jpg|thumb|Military road map of Portuguese Mozambique]] Portuguese East Africa was located in [[east Africa|south-eastern Africa]]. It was a long coastal strip with Portuguese strongholds, from current day [[Tanzania]] and [[Kenya]], to the south of current-day [[Mozambique]]. In 1900, the part of modern Mozambique northwest of the Zambezi and Shire Rivers was called {{lang|pt|Moçambique}}; the rest of it was {{lang|pt|Lourenço Marques}}. Various districts existed, and even issued stamps, during the first part of the century, including Inhambane, {{lang|pt|Lourenço Marques}}, Mozambique Colony, [[Mozambique Company]], [[Nyassa Company]], Quelimane, Tete, and {{lang|pt|Zambésia}}. The Nyassa Company territory is now {{lang|pt|Cabo Delgado}} and {{lang|pt|Niassa}}. In the early- and mid-20th century, a number of changes occurred. Firstly, on 28 June 1919, the [[Treaty of Versailles]] transferred the [[Kionga Triangle]], a {{convert|1000|km2|abbr=on}} territory south of the [[Rovuma River]] from [[German East Africa]] to Mozambique. During [[World War II]], the Charter of the Mozambique Company expired, on 19 July 1942; its territory, known as Manica and Sofala, became a district of Mozambique. Mozambique was constituted as four districts on 1 January 1943 — Manica and Sofala, {{lang|pt|Niassa}}, {{lang|pt|Sul do Save}} (South of the Save River), and {{lang|pt|Zambézia}}. On 20 October 1954, administrative reorganization caused {{lang|pt|Cabo Delgado}} and Mozambique districts to be split from {{lang|pt|Niassa}}. At the same time, the {{lang|pt|Sul do Save}} district was divided into Gaza, Inhambane and {{lang|pt|Lourenço Marques}}, while the {{lang|pt|Tete}} district was split from Manica and Sofala. By the early 1970s, Mozambique was bordering the Mozambique Channel, bordering the countries of [[Malawi]], [[Rhodesia]], [[South Africa]], [[Swaziland]], [[Tanzania]], and [[Zambia]]. Covering a total area of {{convert|801590|km2|sqmi|abbr=in|disp=x| (|, slightly less than twice the size of California)}}. With a tropical to subtropical climate, the [[Zambezi]] flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country. Its coastline had {{convert|2470|km|abbr=in}}, with {{convert|4571|km|abbr=in}} of land boundaries, its highest point at [[Monte Binga]] ({{convert|2436|m|ft|disp=x|, }}). The [[Gorongosa National Park]], founded in 1920, was the main natural park in the territory. The districts with their respective capitals were:<ref>{{Citation |title=Do outro lado do tempo: Moçambique antes de 1975 VERSÂO COMPLETA |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=igQEvBShfu0 |access-date=2023-04-08 |language=en}}</ref> * {{lang|pt|Lourenço Marques}} — [[Maputo|Lourenço Marques]];<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUuUybBmqDc Lourenço Marques "A cidade feitiço"], a film of Lourenço Marques, Portuguese Mozambique in 1970.</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0NkVCcZ_OH0 Lourenço Marques], a film of Lourenço Marques, Portuguese Mozambique.</ref> * Gaza — [[João Belo]];<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GfUfd-aItuY João Belo — Xai-Xai], a film of João Belo, Portuguese Mozambique, before 1975.</ref> * {{lang|pt|Inhambane}} — [[Inhambane]];<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=myIc3V3V0vI Inhambane – no outro lado do tempo], short film of Inhambane, Portuguese Mozambique before independence in 1975.</ref> * {{lang|pt|Beira}} — [[Beira, Mozambique|Beira]];<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wwNCk59J5Ig Cidade da Beira] A short film of Beira, Portuguese Mozambique.</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w9LR1FYj4m0 Beira — Centenário — O meu Tributo] A film about Beira, Portuguese Mozambique, its Grande Hotel, and the railway station. Post-independence images of the city are shown, the film uses images of [[Rádio e Televisão de Portugal|RTP 1]]'s TV program ''Grande Reportagem''.</ref> * {{lang|pt|Vila Pery}} — [[Vila Pery]];<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFuqzi4skxo Vila Pery — Chimoio], a film of Vila Pery, Portuguese Mozambique.</ref> * {{lang|pt|Tete}} — [[Tete, Mozambique|Tete]] * {{lang|pt|Zambézia}} — [[Quelimane]];<ref name="Quelimane & Vila Junqueiro">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OfQqygbyuoE Quelimane], a film of the cosmopolitan port of Quelimane and tea centre of Vila Junqueiro, Portuguese Mozambique, before 1975.</ref> * {{lang|pt|Moçambique}} — [[Nampula]] * {{lang|pt|Cabo Delgado}} — [[Porto Amélia]];<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sk4H6SQCGgY Porto Amélia — Pemba], a film of Porto Amélia, Portuguese Mozambique.</ref> * {{lang|pt|Niassa}} — [[Vila Cabral]] Other important urban centres included [[Sofala]], [[Nacala]],<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n5ytUJNY0kQ Nacala — no outro lado do tempo], short film of Nacala, Portuguese Mozambique before independence in 1975.</ref> [[Angoche|António Enes]], [[Island of Mozambique]] and [[Vila Junqueiro]].<ref name="Quelimane & Vila Junqueiro"/>
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