Editing Portugal (section)

=== Germanic kingdoms ===
[[File:Reino suevo.svg|thumb|Map of the [[Kingdom of the Suebi]] in the 5th and 6th centuries]]

In 409, with the decline of the [[Roman Empire]], the [[Iberian Peninsula]] was occupied by [[Germanic tribes]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoryGn9o4x0C&pg=PP1 |title=The History of Portugal |isbn=978-0-313-31106-2 |last1=Anderson |first1=James Maxwell |year=2000 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |access-date=24 December 2023 |archive-date=10 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010145955/https://books.google.com/books?id=UoryGn9o4x0C&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 411, with a federation contract with [[Emperor Honorius]], many of these people settled in [[Hispania]]. An important group was made up of the [[Suebi]], [[Buri tribe|Buri]],<ref>Domingos Maria da Silva, ''Os Búrios'', Terras de Bouro, Câmara Municipal de Terras de Bouro, 2006. (in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]])</ref> [[Vandals]] in [[Gallaecia]], who founded a [[Kingdom of the Suebi|Suebi Kingdom]] with its capital in [[Braga]]. They came to dominate central Portugal, including [[Aeminium]] ([[Coimbra]]) all the way to the [[River Tagus|Tagus]], while the [[Visigoths]] occupied the south.<ref name="Koller Laitenberger 1998">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aGc2GwyvuEgC&q=KOLLER%2C%20Erwin%2C%20Hugo%20Laitenberger&pg=PR1 |title=Schwaben |isbn=978-3-8233-5091-0 |last1=Koller |first1=Erwin |last2=Laitenberger |first2=Hugo |year=1998 |publisher=Gunter Narr Verlag |access-date=24 December 2023 |archive-date=2 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202203318/https://books.google.com/books?id=aGc2GwyvuEgC&q=KOLLER%2C%20Erwin%2C%20Hugo%20Laitenberger&pg=PR1#v=snippet&q=KOLLER%2C%20Erwin%2C%20Hugo%20Laitenberger&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>
The [[Suebi]] and the Visigoths were the Germanic tribes who had the most lasting presence in the territories corresponding to modern Portugal. As elsewhere in Western Europe, there was a sharp decline in urban life during the [[Dark Ages (historiography)|Dark Ages]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZYn_f1jxNDoC&pg=PA138 |title=The Rise & Fall of World Orders |isbn=978-0-7190-4058-0 |last1=Knutsen |first1=Torbjörn L |year=1999| publisher=Manchester University Press }}</ref>

Roman institutions disappeared in the wake of the [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] invasions with the exception of [[ecclesiastical]] organisations, which were fostered by the Suebi in the fifth century and adopted by the Visigoths afterwards. Although the Suebi and Visigoths were initially followers of [[Arianism]] and [[Priscillianism]], they adopted [[Catholicism]] from the local inhabitants. St. [[Martin of Braga]] was a particularly influential evangelist.<ref name="Koller Laitenberger 1998" />

In 429, the Visigoths moved south to expel the [[Alans]] and [[Vandals]] and founded a kingdom with its capital in [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]]. From 470, conflict between the Suebi and Visigoths increased. In 585, the Visigothic King [[Liuvigild]] conquered Braga and annexed Gallaecia; the [[Iberian Peninsula]] was unified under a [[Visigothic Kingdom]].<ref name="Koller Laitenberger 1998" /> A new class emerged, unknown in Roman times: a [[nobility]], which played a key social and political role during the [[Middle Ages]]. It was under the Visigoths that the Church began to play an important part within the state. As the Visigoths did not learn Latin from the local people, they had to rely on bishops to continue the Roman system of governance. The laws were made by councils of bishops, and the [[clergy]] emerged as a high-ranking class.