Editing Portland, Oregon (section)

===Since 1990===
[[File:Portland OR aerial.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Portland and its bridges across the Willamette River]]
In the 1990s, the technology industry began to emerge in Portland, specifically with the establishment of companies such as [[Intel]], which brought more than [[US$]]10 billion in investments in 1995 alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/century/1990_index.html|title=The 1990s|series=An Oregon Century|access-date=October 30, 2015}}</ref> In the late 1990s, the Portland area was rated the fourth-least affordable place in the United States to purchase a new home.<ref>Barone, Michael, and Grant Ujifusa.  ''The Almanac of American Politics 2000''.  National Journal, 1999.</ref> After 2000, Portland experienced significant growth, with a population rise of over 90,000 between the years 2000 and 2014.<ref name="USCensusEst2014">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2014/SUB-EST2014.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014|access-date=June 4, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523034651/https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2014/SUB-EST2014.html|archive-date=May 23, 2015}}</ref> The city's increasing reputation for culture established it as a popular city for young people, and it was second only to [[Louisville, Kentucky]], as one of the cities to attract and retain the highest number of college-educated people in the United States.<ref name="miller">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/21/magazine/will-portland-always-be-a-retirement-community-for-the-young.html|work=The New York Times|title=Will Portland Always Be a Retirement Community for the Young?|author=Miller, Clair Cane|date=September 16, 2014|access-date=November 6, 2015}}</ref> Between 2001 and 2012, Portland's gross domestic product per person grew by fifty percent, more than any other city in the country.<ref name="miller"/>

The city acquired a [[Nicknames of Portland, Oregon|diverse range of nicknames]] throughout its history, though it is most often called "Rose City" or "The City of Roses"<ref name="cityrecorder">{{cite web|url=http://www.portlandonline.com/auditor/index.cfm?a=jbgc&c=cheid|title=City Flower|publisher=City of Portland Auditor's Office – City Recorder Division|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423075247/http://www.portlandonline.com/auditor/index.cfm?a=jbgc&c=cheid|archive-date=April 23, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> (unofficial nickname since 1888, official since 2003).<ref name="Oreg-June2003">Stern, Henry (June 19, 2003). "Name comes up roses for P-town: City Council sees no thorns in picking 'City of Roses' as Portland's moniker". ''The Oregonian''</ref> Another widely used nickname by local residents in everyday speech is "PDX", the airport code for [[Portland International Airport]]. Other nicknames include Bridgetown,<ref name="bridgetown">{{cite web|publisher=[[Portland State University]]|title=The Water|url=http://www.pdx.edu/water.html|access-date=November 7, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031090707/http://www.pdx.edu/water.html|archive-date=October 31, 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref> Stumptown,<ref name="endoftheoregontrail">{{cite web|publisher=End of the Oregon Trail Interpretive Center|title=From Robin's Nest to Stumptown|url=http://www.historicoregoncity.org/index.php/widgetkit/oregon-trail-history/item/early-towns-and-cities|date=February 1, 2013|access-date=March 7, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512161747/http://www.historicoregoncity.org/index.php/widgetkit/oregon-trail-history/item/early-towns-and-cities|archive-date=May 12, 2013}}</ref> Rip City,<ref>{{Cite news|first=Nena|last=Baker|title=R.I.P. FOR 'Rip City' Ruckus|date=May 21, 1991|newspaper=The Oregonian|pages=A01}}</ref> Soccer City,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Seeking Help to Bring an M.L.S. Team to Portland|first=Richard|last=Sandomir|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/07/sports/soccer/07franchise.html?ref=soccer|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 6, 2008|access-date=June 22, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Portland Timbers show bark, bite as they prepare to join MLS|first=Beau|last=Dure|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/soccer/2009-08-25-portland-timbers_N.htm|newspaper=USA Today|location=McLean, Virginia|date=August 26, 2009|access-date=June 22, 2010}}</ref> P-Town,<ref name="Oreg-June2003" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Hagestedt|first=Andre|title=The Missing Oregon Coast: Waves After Dark|url=http://www.beachconnection.net/news/missin040709_147.php|access-date=April 30, 2009|date=April 7, 2009|quote=I'm used to seeing that hint of dawn back in P-town, with my wretched habit of playing video games until 6 a.m}}</ref> Portlandia, and the more antiquated Little Beirut.<ref name="STAP">{{cite news|last=McCall|first=William|date=August 19, 2003|title='Little Beirut' nickname has stuck|url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/20030819/protests19e/portland-police-activists-get-ready-for-bushs-visit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117131323/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20030819&slug=protests19e|archive-date=January 17, 2018|access-date=September 16, 2013|url-status=live|agency=Associated Press}}</ref>

====2020 George Floyd protests====
{{Main|George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon}} {{See also|2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States#Activities in Portland, Oregon}}
[[File:George Floyd police brutality protests - Portland Oregon - July 22 - tedder - 02.jpg|thumb|right|George Floyd protests at the [[Mark O. Hatfield United States Courthouse|Mark O. Hatfield Courthouse]], July 2020]]

From May 28, 2020, until spring 2021,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Baker|first1=Mike|title=After Nearly a Year of Unrest, Portland Leaders Pursue a Crackdown|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/27/us/portland-protests-mayor-ted-wheeler.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/27/us/portland-protests-mayor-ted-wheeler.html|archive-date=December 28, 2021|url-access=limited|access-date=May 2, 2021|work=The New York Times|date=April 27, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> there were daily [[protest]]s about the [[murder of George Floyd]] by police, and racial injustice. There were instances of looting, vandalism, and police actions causing injuries. One protestor was killed by an opposing one.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Vice|first=Staff|date=September 23, 2020|title=Man Linked to Killing at a Portland Protest Says He Acted in Self-Defense|publisher=Vice|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/man-linked-to-killing-at-a-portland-protest-says-he-acted-in-self-defense/|access-date=September 23, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Evans|first=Robert|date=July 20, 2020|title=What You Need To Know About The Battle of Portland|url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/americas/2020/07/20/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-battle-of-portland/|work=[[Bellingcat]]|access-date=August 2, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hughes|first1=Trevor|title=Portland police declare riot as demonstrators attack fence outside federal courthouse|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/07/26/portland-protests-police-declare-riot-violence-grows/5513752002/|access-date=August 2, 2020|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=July 26, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kavanaugh|first1=Shane|title=Man knifed in back at Portland protest: 'I was stabbed for being a conservative journalist'|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2020/07/man-knifed-in-back-at-portland-protest-i-was-stabbed-for-being-a-conservative-journalist.html|access-date=August 2, 2020|newspaper=[[The Oregonian]]|date=July 30, 2020}}</ref> Local businesses reported losses totaling millions of dollars as the result of vandalism and looting, according to [[Oregon Public Broadcasting]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=VanderHart|first1=Dirk|last2=Levinson|first2=Jonathan|last3=Ellis|first3=Rebecca|last4=Orr|first4=Donald|date=May 31, 2020|title=As Protests Continue, Civic Leaders Confront Crowds And Oregon's Racist History|publisher=Oregon Public Broadcasting|url=https://www.opb.org/news/article/black-lives-matter-rallies-portland-civic-leader-confront-protests-oregon-racist-history/|access-date=June 1, 2020|archive-date=June 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603041011/https://www.opb.org/news/article/black-lives-matter-rallies-portland-civic-leader-confront-protests-oregon-racist-history/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Some protests caused injury to protesters and police. In July, federal officers were deployed to safeguard federal property; their presence and tactics were criticized by Oregon officials, who demanded they leave, while lawsuits were filed against local and federal law enforcement alleging wrongful actions by them.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Green|first=Aimee|date=June 10, 2020|title=Portland now faces 8 lawsuits seeking an end to tear gas, rubber bullets, explosives at protests|work=The Oregonian|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/news/2020/06/portland-now-faces-8-lawsuits-seeking-an-end-to-tear-gas-rubber-bullets-explosives-at-protests.html|url-status=dead|access-date=August 2, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801162535/https://www.oregonlive.com/news/2020/06/portland-now-faces-8-lawsuits-seeking-an-end-to-tear-gas-rubber-bullets-explosives-at-protests.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ellis|first=Rebecca|date=July 17, 2020|title=ACLU Adds Federal Agencies To Lawsuit Against Portland Police|work=Oregon Public Broadcasting|url=https://www.opb.org/news/article/oregon-aclu-federal-law-enforcement-portland-police-lawsuit/|access-date=August 2, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=July 17, 2020|title=Oregon AG files lawsuit against federal agencies for violating Oregonians' civil rights|work=KGW|url=https://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/oregon-attorney-general-files-lawsuit-against-federal-agencies-for-violating-oregonians-civil-rights/283-1ab1070e-3510-46f6-8987-8982f939117c|access-date=August 2, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Flanigan|first=Kaitlin|date=July 27, 2020|title=Lawsuit: Trump using feds in Portland to create national police force|url=https://www.koin.com/news/protests/lawsuit-trump-using-feds-in-portland-to-create-national-police-force/|access-date=August 2, 2020|newspaper=Koin.com|archive-date=March 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311174156/https://www.koin.com/news/protests/lawsuit-trump-using-feds-in-portland-to-create-national-police-force/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On May 25, 2021, a protest to commemorate the one-year anniversary of Floyd's murder caused property damage, and was followed by a number of arrests.<ref>{{cite web|title=Police declare riot in Portland as protesters mark 1 year since George Floyd's death|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/police-declare-riot-portland-protesters-mark-year-george/story?id=77910797|access-date=May 26, 2021|publisher=ABC News|location=United States}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Riot declared in downtown Portland, police arrest 5 people|url=https://www.kptv.com/news/riot-declared-in-downtown-portland-police-arrest-5-people/article_f42ac0c0-bddc-11eb-bac6-63e22fc82b3a.html|access-date=May 26, 2021|website=KPTV.com|archive-date=November 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101101733/https://www.kptv.com/news/riot-declared-in-downtown-portland-police-arrest-5-people/article_f42ac0c0-bddc-11eb-bac6-63e22fc82b3a.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>