Editing Popol Vuh (section)

==Structure==
''Popol Vuh'' encompasses a range of subjects that includes creation, ancestry, history, and cosmology. There are no content divisions in the Newberry Library's holograph, but popular editions have adopted the organization imposed by [[Brasseur de Bourbourg]] in 1861 in order to facilitate comparative studies.<ref>Recinos explains: "The original manuscript is not divided into parts or chapters; the text runs without interruption from the beginning until the end. In this translation I have followed the Brasseur de Bourbourg division into four parts, and each part into chapters, because the arrangement seems logical and conforms to the meaning and subject matter of the work. Since the version of the French Abbe is the best known, this will facilitate the work of those readers who may wish to make a comparative study of the various translations of the ''Popol Vuh''" (Goetz xiv; Recinos 11–12; Brasseur, Popol Vuh, xv)</ref> Though some variation has been tested by [[Dennis Tedlock]] and Allen Christenson, editions typically take the following form:
[[File:Popol Wuj's deity.png|450px|thumb|A family tree of gods and demigods.<br/>Vertical lines indicate descent<br/>Horizontal lines indicate siblings<br/>Double lines indicate marriage]]
'''Preamble'''
* Introduction to the piece that introduces Xpiyacoc and Xmucane, the purpose for writing the ''Popol Vuh'', and the measuring of the earth.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Christenson|first1=Allen J.|title=Popol Vuh : The Sacred Book of the Maya|date=2007|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|location=Norman, OK|isbn=978-0-8061-3839-8|pages=59–66|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rWr-_NXanhMC&q=popol%20vuh%20the%20sacred%20book%20of%20the%20maya&pg=PP1|access-date=19 October 2017}}</ref>

'''Book One'''
* ''Account of the creation of living beings.'' Animals were created first, followed by humans. The first humans were made of earth and mud, but crumbled. The second humans were created from wood, but they did not function well and were washed away in a flood and killed by animals. Those that survived became monkeys.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|title=Popol Vuh|url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Popol_Vuh/|website=[[World History Encyclopedia]]|access-date=10 November 2017}}</ref>
* [[Vucub Caquix|Vucub-Caquix]] ascends.<ref name="auto1"/>

'''Book Two'''
* The Hero Twins plan to kill Vucub-Caquix and his sons, [[Zipacna]] and [[Cabracan]].<ref name="auto1"/>
* They succeed, "restoring order and balance to the world."<ref name="auto1"/>

'''Book Three'''
* The father and uncle of The Hero Twins, [[Hun Hunahpu]] and [[Vucub Hunahpu]], sons of [[Xmucane and Xpiacoc]], are murdered at a ball game in [[Xibalba]].<ref name="auto1"/>
* Hun Hunahpu's head is placed in a [[calabash]] tree, where it spits in the hand of [[Xquiq]], impregnating her.<ref name="auto1"/>
* She leaves the underworld to be with her mother-in-law, Xmucane.<ref name="auto1"/>
* Her sons then challenge the Lords who killed their father and uncle, succeeding and becoming the sun and the moon.<ref name="auto1"/>

'''Book Four'''
* Humans are successfully created from [[maize]].<ref name="auto1"/>
* The gods give them morality in order to keep them loyal.<ref name="auto1"/>
* Later, they give the humans wives to make them content.<ref name="auto1"/>
* This book also describes the movement of the Kʼicheʼ and includes the introduction of [[Gucumatz]].<ref name="auto1"/>

===Excerpts===
A visual comparison of two sections of the ''Popol Vuh'' are presented below and include the original Kʼiche, literal English translation, and modern English translation as shown by Allen Christenson.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|last1=Christenson|first1=Allen J.|title=POPOL VUH: LITERAL TRANSLATION|url=http://www.mesoweb.com/publications/Christenson/PV-Literal.pdf|publisher=Mesoweb Publications|access-date=19 October 2017}}</ref><ref>Christenson's edition is considered the most up-to-date version of the ''Popol Vuh''.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Christenson|first1=Allen J.|title=Popol vuh : the sacred book of the Maya|date=2007|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|location=Norman|isbn=978-0-8061-3839-8|page=59|edition=Oklahoma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rWr-_NXanhMC&q=popol%20vuh%20the%20sacred%20book%20of%20the%20maya&pg=PP1|access-date=3 November 2017}}</ref>

===="Preamble"====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Original Kʼiche !! Literal English translation !! Modern English translation
|-
|'''AREʼ U XEʼ OJER TZIJ''',

:Waral Kʼicheʼ u bʼiʼ.

:'''WARAL''' xchiqatzʼibʼaj wi,

Xchiqatikibʼaʼ wi ojer tzij,

U tikaribʼal,

U xeʼnabʼal puch,

Ronojel xbʼan pa

:Tinamit Kʼicheʼ,

:Ramaqʼ Kʼicheʼ winaq.<ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto3">Bold and capitalized letters are taken directly from the source material.</ref>
||'''THIS ITS ROOT ANCIENT WORD''',

:Here Quiché its name.

:'''HERE''' we shall write,

We shall plant ancient word,

Its planting,

Its root-beginning as well,

Everything done in

:Citadel Quiché,

:Its nation Quiché people.<ref name="auto2"/>
||'''THIS IS THE BEGINNING OF THE ANCIENT TRADITIONS'''

:of this place called Quiché.

:'''HERE''' we shall write.

We shall begin to tell the ancient stories

of the beginning,

the origin

of all that was done in

:the citadel of Quiché,

:among the people of the Quiché nation.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Christenson|first1=Allen J.|title=Popol Vuh : The Sacred Book of the Maya|date=2007|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|location=Norman, OK|isbn=978-0-8061-3839-8|page=59|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rWr-_NXanhMC&q=popol%20vuh%20the%20sacred%20book%20of%20the%20maya&pg=PP1|access-date=19 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="auto4">Text has been broken in logical places to parallel the poetic structure of the original text.</ref>
|}

===="The Primordial World"====

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Original Kʼiche !! Literal English translation !! Modern English translation
|-
|'''AREʼ U TZIJOXIK'''<br>Waʼe.

Kʼa katzʼininoq,<br>
Kʼa kachamamoq,

Katzʼinonik,<br>
Kʼa kasilanik,

Kʼa kalolinik,<br>
Katolonaʼ puch u pa kaj.<ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto3"/>
||'''THIS ITS ACCOUNT'''<br>These things.

Still be it silent,<br>
Still be it placid,

It is silent,<br>
Still it is calm,

Still it is hushed,<br>
Be it empty as well its womb sky.<ref name="auto2"/>
||'''THIS IS THE ACCOUNT'''<br>of when

all is still silent<br>
and placid.

All is silent<br>
and calm.

Hushed<br>
and empty is the womb of the sky.<ref name="auto4"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Christenson|first1=Allen J.|title=Popol Vuh : The Sacred Book of the Maya|date=2007|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|location=Norman, OK|isbn=978-0-8061-3839-8|page=67|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rWr-_NXanhMC&q=popol%20vuh%20the%20sacred%20book%20of%20the%20maya&pg=PP1|access-date=19 October 2017}}</ref>
|}