Editing Pope Stephen IX (section)

===Abbacy===
[[File:Gebhard I Bischof von Eichstätt, als Victor II Papst.JPG|thumb|upright|left|Pope Victor in the [[Pontifical of Gundekar]]]]
Pope Victor was annoyed by the fact that, following the death of Abbot Richer of Montecassino in December 1055, the papacy had not been consulted in the selection of his successor, Abbot Peter. The situation was made worse by dissensions inside the community, and reports to the pope of various alleged misdoings. Official attempts to justify the traditional procedure of election of abbots did not satisfy the reforming agenda of Roman officials.<ref>Pope Victor is charged by the "Chronica Monasterii Cassinensis" with intending to use force: "Ita ad subjugandam sibi violenter abbatiam animum papa intenderat."</ref> In May 1057, shortly after [[Pentecost]], Cardinal [[Humbert of Silva Candida]], sent as papal legate, began a series of investigations at the monastery. On 22 May he persuaded Abbot Peter to resign. And on 23 May, in a chapter meeting of all of the brothers, presided over by Cardinal Humbert, they began to elect a new abbot; the successful candidate was Cardinal Frederick of Lorraine, who was a monk of Montecassino. Ten days after his election, he and Cardinal Humbert proceeded to the papal court, which was in Tuscany at the time. He was consecrated the thirty-sixth abbot of Montecassino by Pope Victor on 24 June 1057,<ref name="Ganzer, p. 16">Ganzer, p. 16.</ref> and ruled for a little over ten months.<ref>Luigi Tosti, ''Storia della Badia di Monte-Cassino'' I (Naples 1842), pp. 208–211. Watterich, p. 189. Leo Marsicanus, "Chronica Monasterii Cassinensis", Book II. 91–92, in: ''Monumenta Germaniae Historia Scriptorum Tomus VII'' (Hannover: Hahn 1846), pp. 690–692.</ref> He obtained for his abbey the privilege of being seated ahead of all other abbots at synods, and for the abbots of Montecassino the privilege of wearing the [[Episcopal sandals|sandals]] and [[dalmatic]] at religious ceremonies.<ref name="Ganzer, p. 16"/>

On 14 June 1057, Frederick was promoted to the position of [[cardinal-presbyter]] of [[San Crisogono, Rome|San Crisogono]] by Victor.<ref>Gregorovius IV. 1, pp. 98–99. Charles Radding and Francis Newton, ''Theology, Rhetoric, and Politics in the Eucharistic controversy, 1078–1079'', (Columbia University Press, 2003), 89.</ref> Frederick took part in a synod at Arezzo on 23 July, and then began the return journey to Montecassino. He reached Rome, where he took possession of S. Crisogono, his titular church, and took up residence at the Benedictine house, the Pallaria, on the Palatine Hill.<ref name="Ganzer, p. 16"/> Pope Victor died at Arezzo on 28 July, while Frederick was still in Rome.<ref>Jaffé, p. 553.</ref>