Editing Pope Leo X (section)

===War of Urbino===
{{Main|War of Urbino}}
Leo had intended his younger brother Giuliano and his nephew [[Lorenzo II de' Medici|Lorenzo]] for brilliant secular careers. He had named them Roman [[Patrician (post-Roman Europe)|patricians]]; the latter he had placed in charge of Florence; the former, for whom he planned to carve out a kingdom in central Italy of Parma, Piacenza, [[Ferrara]] and Urbino, he had taken with himself to Rome and married to Filiberta of Savoy.{{sfn|Tomas|2017|p=13}}

The death of Giuliano in March 1516, however, caused the pope to transfer his ambitions to Lorenzo. At the very time (December 1516) that peace between France, [[Habsburg Spain|Spain]], [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] and the [[Habsburg monarchy]] seemed to give some promise of a [[Christendom]] united against the Turks, Leo obtained 150,000 ducats towards the expenses of the expedition from [[Henry VIII of England]], in return for which he entered the imperial league of Spain and [[Kingdom of England|England]] against France.<ref name=Chisholm1911>{{EB1911|wstitle=Leo (popes)/Leo X |display=Leo (popes) § Leo X |volume=16|inline=1}}</ref>

The war lasted from February to September 1517 and ended with the expulsion of the duke and the triumph of Lorenzo; but it revived the policy of Alexander VI, increased [[brigandage]] and anarchy in the [[Papal States]], hindered the preparations for a crusade and wrecked the papal finances. [[Francesco Guicciardini]] reckoned the cost of the war to Leo at the sum of 800,000 ducats. Ultimately, however, Lorenzo was confirmed as the new duke of Urbino.<ref name=Chisholm1911/>