Editing Pope Gregory X (section)

==Pope and Council==

Sometime during his reign as pope, Gregory X wrote a letter against the charges of "[[blood libel]]" and persecution against the Jews.<ref>[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/g10-jews.html]. Brian Tierney, ''The Middle Ages: Sources of Medieval History''  sixth edition, revised, Vol 1 (New York: McGraw-Hill 1999), 259-260.</ref> Mindful of the scandals attached to the conclave at Viterbo that had elected him, realizing that tighter controls on the entire process of election were needed, he produced the [[papal bull]] ''[[Ubi periculum]]''  which was subsequently ratified by the Council of Lyons on 16 July 1274 and incorporated into the Code of [[canon law|Canon Law]].

On his arrival at [[Rome]] in 1272, his first act was to carry forward the wish of Gregory IX and summon a council. Two days after his coronation Gregory X sent a letter to King [[Edward I of England]], inviting him to a general council to be held on the subject of the Holy Land, beginning on 1 May 1274.<ref>Thomas Rymer ''Foedera, Conventiones, Literae et cuiusque generis Acta Publica inter Reges Angliae et alios...'' editio tertia, Tomus I. pars 2 (The Hague 1745), pp. 121-122. Other copies went out to other Kings, Princes and rulers of Europe.</ref> Pope Gregory X left Orvieto on 5 June 1273, and arrived in Lyons in the middle of November 1273.<ref>Augustus Potthast, ''Regesta pontificum Romanorum'' II (Berlin 1875), p. 1671, 1672.</ref> Not all of the cardinals followed him. Pope Gregory notes in a letter to King Edward dated 29 November 1273 that Cardinal Riccardo Annibaldi and Cardinal Giovanni Orsini were still in Rome and had been ordered to find a secure place of imprisonment for Guy de Montfort.<ref>Rymer, II. 2, pp. 134-135. Potthast, no. 20767.</ref> The two cardinals were hereditary enemies and would be an effective check on each other. Neither was present at the opening of the Council of Lyons.<ref>Isidoro Carini, "Brevis Historia Concilii Lugdunensis," in ''Specilegio Vaticano di documenti inediti e rari estratti dagli Archivi e dalla Biblioteca della Sede Apostolica'' Volume I (Roma: Ermanno Loescher 1890), pp. 250-251.</ref> Gregory himself had an immediate meeting with King Philip III of France, whom he had been cultivating vigorously since his accession. The meeting was evidently quite harmonious and successful, since Philip ceded to the Papacy the [[Comtat Venaissin]].<ref>Potthast, no. 20761 (21 November 1273).</ref> The Second Ecumenical Council met at [[Second Council of Lyons|Lyons]], beginning on 1 May 1274 for the purpose of considering the [[East-West Schism]], the condition of the [[Holy Land]], and the abuses of the Catholic Church.