Editing Pope Callixtus II (section)

===Concordat of Worms===
{{main|Concordat of Worms}}
Having established his power in Italy, the pope resolved to re-open negotiations with Henry V on the question of investiture. Henry V was anxious to put an end to a controversy, which had reduced imperial authority in Germany terminally so as it appeared in the long run. An embassy of three cardinals was sent by Calixtus II to Germany, and negotiations for a permanent settlement of the investiture struggle were begun in October 1121 at [[Würzburg]], where it was agreed that a general truce should be proclaimed in Germany, the Church should have free use of its possessions and the lands of those in rebellion should be restored.

Those decrees were communicated to Calixtus II, who despatched the legate [[Pope Honorius II|Lambert]] to assist at the synod that had been convoked at Worms, where, on 23 September 1122, the agreement known as the [[Concordat of Worms]] was concluded. On his side, the Emperor abandoned his claim to investiture with ring and crosier and granted freedom of election to episcopal sees. On the papal side, it was conceded that the bishops should receive investiture with the sceptre; the episcopal elections should be held in the presence of the Emperor or his representatives; in case of disputed elections the emperor should, after the decision of the metropolitan and the suffragan bishops, confirm the rightfully-elected candidate; and the imperial investiture of the temporal properties connected to the sees should take place in Germany before the consecration.

In Burgundy and in Italy, the imperial investiture would take place after the consecration ceremony, and in the Papal States, the pope alone had the right of investiture without any interference on the part of the emperor. As a result of the Concordat, the Emperor still retained in his hands the controlling influence in the election of the bishops in Germany though he had abandoned much in regard to episcopal elections in Italy and Burgundy.<ref>Bruce Bueno De Mesquita, "Popes, kings, and endogenous institutions: The Concordat of Worms and the origins of sovereignty." ''International Studies Review'' (2000): 93–118. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3186429 in JSTOR]
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