Editing Polyvinylpyrrolidone (section)

==Safety==
The U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) has approved this chemical for many uses,<ref>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/iig/index.cfm Inactive Ingredients in FDA Approved Drugs]. FDA/Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Generic Drugs, Division of Labeling and Program Support. Database Update Frequency: Quarterly. Data Through: January 6, 2010. Database Last Updated: January 13, 2010 – search on povidone for list of approved items</ref> and it is [[generally recognized as safe]] ([[GRAS]]). PVP is included in the Inactive Ingredient Database for use in oral, topical, and injectable formulations.

However, there have been documented cases of [[allergy|allergic]] reactions to PVP/povidone, particularly regarding [[Subcutaneous tissue|subcutaneous]] (applied under the skin) use and situations where the PVP has come in contact with autologous [[blood serum|serum]] (internal blood fluids) and [[mucous membrane]]s.

Examples of documented [[allergy|allergic]] reactions:
* A boy had an [[anaphylaxis|anaphylactic]] response after application of [[povidone-iodine|PVP-Iodine]] for treatment of [[impetigo]]. He was found to be [[allergy|allergic]] to the PVP component of the solution.<ref>{{cite journal  |vauthors=Yoshida K, Sakurai Y, Kawahara S, etal |title=Anaphylaxis to polyvinylpyrrolidone in povidone-iodine for impetigo contagiosum in a boy with atopic dermatitis |journal=International Archives of Allergy and Immunology |volume=146 |issue=2 |pages=169–73 |year=2008 |pmid=18204285 |doi=10.1159/000113522|s2cid=25078233 }}</ref>
* A woman had experienced [[urticaria]] ([[hives]]) from various hair products, later found to contain PVP. The woman had an [[anaphylaxis|anaphylactic]] response after [[povidone-iodine]] solution was applied internally during a surgery. She was found to be [[allergy|allergic]] to PVP.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Adachi A, Fukunaga A, Hayashi K, Kunisada M, Horikawa T |title=Anaphylaxis to polyvinylpyrrolidone after vaginal application of povidone-iodine |journal=Contact Dermatitis |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=133–6 |date=March 2003 |pmid=12755725 |doi=10.1034/j.1600-0536.2003.00050.x|s2cid=22975127 }}</ref>
* A man experiencing [[anaphylaxis]] after taking [[paracetamol|acetaminophen]] [[Tablet (pharmacy)|tablets]] orally was found to be [[allergy|allergic]] to PVP.<ref>{{cite journal  |vauthors=Rönnau AC, Wulferink M, Gleichmann E, etal |title=Anaphylaxis to polyvinylpyrrolidone in an analgesic preparation |journal=The British Journal of Dermatology |volume=143 |issue=5 |pages=1055–8 |date=November 2000 |pmid=11069520 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03843.x|s2cid=10543466 }}</ref>

Additionally, Povidone is commonly used in conjunction with other [[chemical substance|chemical]]s. Some of these, such as [[iodine]], are blamed for [[allergy|allergic]] responses. Yet subsequent testing results in some patients show no signs of [[allergy]] to the suspect [[chemical]]. [[Allergy|Allergies]] attributed to these other chemicals may possibly be caused by the PVP instead.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Katelaris | first1 = Constance | year = 2009 | title = 'Iodine Allergy' label is misleading | journal = Australian Prescriber | volume = 32 | issue = 5| pages = 125–128 | doi = 10.18773/austprescr.2009.061 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=van Ketel WG, van den Berg WH |title=Sensitization to povidone-iodine |journal=Dermatologic Clinics |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=107–9 |date=January 1990 |pmid=2302848|doi=10.1016/S0733-8635(18)30531-X }}</ref>