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====Self-help societies==== Various self-help societies like the [[Maharani Company]] in [[Muar (town)|Muar]], [[Johor]] and the [[Serikat Pembaikan Hidup]] ({{langx|ms|Life Improvement Society}}) organised by [[Mohamad Eunos Abdullah]] of the [[Singapore Malay Union]] ({{langx|ms|Kesatuan Melayu Singapura}}) established [[co-operative]]s and [[Commune (intentional community)|communes]] to help improve the socio-economic conditions of the Malay peasants and smallholders. They too utilised newspapers and periodicals like the Maharani Company published ''Perjumpaan Melayu'' (''Malay Convergence'') to disseminate ideas and encourage discourse on issues pertaining to the social, political and economic conditions of the Malay people.<ref>{{cite book |title=Persuratkhabaran Melayu, 1876β1968 |last=A. M. Iskandar Ahmad |year=1980 |publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka |location=Kuala Lumpur |pages=221 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Maktab Melayu Melaka, 1900β1922 |last=Ramlah Adam |year=1991 |publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka |location=Kuala Lumpur |isbn=983-62-2378-9 |pages=139 }}</ref>
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