Editing Polish literature (section)

== Romanticism ==
Due to [[Partitions of Poland|partitions]] carried out by the neighboring empires – which ended the existence of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|sovereign Polish state]] in 1795 – [[Polish Romanticism]], unlike [[Romanticism]] elsewhere in Europe, was largely a movement for independence against the foreign occupation, and expressed the ideals and the traditional way of life of the Polish people. The period of Romanticism in Poland ended with the Tsarist suppression of the [[January Uprising|January 1863 Uprising]], marked by public executions by the Russians and deportations to Siberia.<ref>[[iarchive:russiangovernmen00daywuoft|William Ansell Day. The Russian government in Poland : with a narrative of the Polish Insurrection of 1863 (1867)]] and [[iarchive:petersburgwarsaw00obriiala|Augustin O'Brien Petersburg and Warsaw: scenes witnessed during a residence in Poland and Russia in 1863–1864 (1864)]]</ref>

The literature of Polish [[Romanticism]] falls into two distinct periods, both defined by [[Insurgency|insurgencies]]: the first around 1820–1830, ending with the [[November uprising]] of 1830; and the second between 1830 and 1864, giving birth to [[Positivism in Poland|Polish Positivism]]. In the first period, Polish Romantics were heavily influenced by other European Romantics – Their art featured [[emotion]]alism and imagination, [[folklore]], country life, as well as the propagation of the ideals of independence. The most famous writers of the period were: [[Adam Mickiewicz]], [[Seweryn Goszczyński]], [[Tomasz Zan]] and [[Maurycy Mochnacki]]. In the second period (after the [[January Uprising|January uprising]]), many Polish Romantics worked abroad, often banished from the Polish soil by the occupying power. Their work became dominated by the ideals of freedom and the struggle for regaining their country's lost [[sovereignty]]. Elements of mysticism became more prominent. Also in that period, the idea of the ''[[Three Bards|poeta-wieszcz]]'' (nation's bard) developed. The ''wieszcz'' functioned as spiritual leader to the suppressed people. The most notable poet among the [[Three Bards|''leading bards of Romanticism]], so recognized in both periods, was [[Adam Mickiewicz]]. Other two national poets were: [[Juliusz Słowacki]] and [[Zygmunt Krasiński]]. Polish writers and poets of the Romantic period include:
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* [[Maria Wirtemberska]] (1768–1854)
* [[Adam Jerzy Czartoryski]] (1770–1861)
* [[Antoni Gorecki]] (1787–1861)
* [[Aleksander Fredro]] (1791–1876), ''[[Zemsta]]''
* [[Kazimierz Brodziński]] (1791–1835)
* [[Henryk Rzewuski]] (1791–1866)
* [[Antoni Malczewski]] (1793–1826)
* [[Jan Czeczot]] (1796–1846)
* [[Tomasz Zan]] (1796–1855)
* [[Klementyna Hoffmanowa]] (1798–1845)
* [[Adam Mickiewicz]] (1798–1855), ''[[Dziady (poem)|Dziady]]'', ''[[Pan Tadeusz]]''
* [[Franciszek Salezy Dmochowski]] (1801–1871)
* [[Seweryn Goszczyński]] (1801–1876)
* [[Józef Bohdan Zaleski]] (1802–1886)
* [[Maurycy Mochnacki]] (1803–1834)
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* [[Michał Czajkowski]] (1804–1886)
* [[Lucjan Siemieński]] (1807–1877)
* [[Wincenty Pol]] (1807–1882)
* [[Juliusz Słowacki]] (1809–1849), ''[[Balladyna (drama)|Balladyna]]'', ''[[Kordian]]''
* [[Zygmunt Krasiński]] (1812–1859), ''[[Nie-boska Komedia]]''
* [[Józef Ignacy Kraszewski]] (1812–1887), ''[[An Ancient Tale (novel)|Stara baśń]]''
* [[Gustaw Ehrenberg]] (1818–1895)
* [[Narcyza Żmichowska]] (1819–1876)
* [[Cyprian Kamil Norwid]] (1821–1883), ''[[Vade-mecum (Norwid)|Vade-mecum]]''
* [[Teofil Lenartowicz]] (1822–1893)
* [[Władysław Syrokomla]] (1823–1862)
* [[Kornel Ujejski]] (1823–1897)
* [[Zygmunt Miłkowski|Teodor Tomasz Jeż]] (1824–1915)
* [[Mieczysław Romanowski]] (1834–1863)
* [[Jadwiga Łuszczewska]] (1834–1908)
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