Editing Piedmont (section)

== Economy ==
The [[gross domestic product]] (GDP) of the region was 137.4 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 7.8% of Italy's GDP. [[GDP per capita]] at [[purchasing power parity]] was 31,300 euros or 104% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 111% of the EU average.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58|title=Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018|website=Eurostat}}</ref> Since 2006, the [[Piemonte Agency for Investments, Export and Tourism]] began to facilitate outside investment and promote Piedmont's industry and tourism. It was the first Italian institution to combine the activities being carried out by pre-existing local organizations to promote the territory internationally.

=== Automotive ===
[[File:Fiat-500-vorne2.jpg|thumb|right|[[Fiat 500e]]]]
[[File:Maserati_Levante_Allegro_Antinori_One_of_One_Genf_2019_1Y7A5992.jpg|thumb|right|[[Maserati Levante]]]]
The region contains major industrial centres, the most important of which is Turin, home to the [[Fiat]] conglomerate, but mass-market Fiat cars are not produced anymore, only small-scale manufacturing of luxury [[Maserati]] cars (36,702 in 2020).<ref name="carprod">{{cite web|url=https://www.startmag.it/smartcity/stellantis-cosa-succedera-agli-stabilimenti-fca-di-torino-pomigliano-e-melfi/|title=Stellantis production report|date=11 January 2021|language=it}}</ref> Most of the ex-Fiat plants now belong to other companies: aerospace is owned by [[Leonardo S.p.A.]], turbo jet engines by [[General Electric]], high-speed trains by [[Alstom]], bearings by [[SKF]]. Fiat does not exist anymore as an independent company; car production belongs to [[Stellantis]], and trucks, buses, tractors, agriculture and construction machines are produced by the independent company [[CNH Industrial]] (most manufacturing activity takes place in the [[United States]], in Piedmont only the production of [[New Holland Construction|New Holland]] excavators in [[San Mauro Torinese]] and [[Iveco#Engines|Iveco]] diesel engines in [[Turin]]). Neither of them are headquartered in [[Turin]] anymore, however, some research and development centres are still working. 

Formerly famous automotive design companies also were sold to global automotive groups: [[Italdesign Giugiaro]] to [[Volkswagen]], [[Ghia]] to [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]], [[Pininfarina]] to [[Mahindra & Mahindra|Mahindra]]; [[Gruppo Bertone|Bertone]] went into bankruptcy in 2014. The massive decline in the automotive industry caused other regions like [[Veneto]] (€163 billion in 2018) and [[Emilia-Romagna]] (€161 billion in 2018) to surpass Piedmont (€137 billion in 2018) in GDP and led to relative high unemployment. The peak of [[Automotive industry in Italy#Production figures|Italian motor vehicle production]] is reached in 1989 with 2.22 million units, but in 2019 (before the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Italy]]) it was only 0.92 million units. Even existing Italian car production now relocated to [[South Italy]], such as in [[Alfa Romeo Pomigliano d'Arco plant|Pomigliano d'Arco]] (140,478 in 2020), [[Melfi]] (229,848 in 2020), and [[Atessa]] (257,026 in 2020), because of cost cutting.<ref name="carprod"/>

There are some automotive suppliers of: 
* exhaust systems, electronic systems, suspension systems and automotive lighting in [[Venaria Reale]] and [[Rivalta di Torino]] from [[Magneti Marelli]]
* [[dual-clutch transmission]], gearboxes, drivelines and their mechatronics components from [[Graziano Trasmissioni|Dana Graziano]] 
* bearings from [[SKF]]
* tires ([[Michelin]] and [[Pirelli]])

=== Electronics and industrial equipment ===
There are some important companies in high-tech manufacturing: [[Comau]] (industrial robots) and Prima Industrie (laser equipment). Silicon wafer production is in [[Novara]] by MEMC. [[Olivetti]], once a major [[electronics industry]] whose plants were in [[Scarmagno]] and [[Ivrea]], has now turned into a small-scale computer service company and no longer produces computers. [[Leonardo S.p.A.|Leonardo]] Elettronica in Turin-Caselle develops and manufactures airborne mission systems and airborne computers. Machine building has a long tradition in Piedmont with the manufacturing of excavators, telescopic handlers, industrial refrigerators, printing machines, paper machines, packaging machines, glass machines, turbines, and high-speed trains.

<gallery>
Excavator_in_Brittany_France.JPG|Excavator <br>[[New Holland Construction|New Holland]] E 215B
Roto.jpg|Telescopic Handler Merlo Roto
Comau_AURA_MADE.jpg|Robot<br>[[Comau]] Aura
Italo_NTV_Class_ETR_575_No_575-154.jpg|High-speed train<br>[[AGV (train)|Alstom AGV]]
</gallery>

=== Aerospace and defence ===
One of the most important industries in Piedmont is military aerospace with plants:

* [[Leonardo S.p.A.|Leonardo Aircraft]] Turin-Caselle (Nord and Sud), final assembly of multi-role attack jet [[Eurofighter Typhoon]], ground-attack jet [[AMX International AMX|AMX]] and military transport aircraft [[Alenia C-27J Spartan|C-27J Spartan]]

* Leonardo Aircraft [[Cameri|Novara-Cameri]], final assembly of stealth multi-role attack jet [[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II|Lockheed Martin F-35]]

* [[General Electric]] Avio Aero in [[Rivalta di Torino]], Turin-Sangone, [[Borgaretto]], manufacturing of mechanical transmissions for gas turbine, foundry

* [[Avio]] in Turin, final assembly of rocket [[Vega (rocket)|Vega]] 

<gallery>
Eurofighter F-2000A ‘MM7276 - 36-05’ (28906707973).jpg| [[Eurofighter Typhoon]]
F-35A_flight_%28cropped%29.jpg|[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II|Lockheed Martin F-35]]
Alenia_C27J_Spartan_at_ILA_2010_11.jpg|[[Alenia C-27J Spartan|Alenia C27J Spartan]]
Italian_Air_Force_AMX_fighter.jpg|[[AMX International AMX|AMX]]
Maquette_Vega_C_DSC_0020.JPG|[[Vega (rocket)|Vega C]]
</gallery>

=== Information technology ===
Piedmont has several notable [[IT]] firms such as [[Olivetti]] and [[Arduino]].

===Wool textiles===
Italy is the world's largest exporter of carded (71.8% in 2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://atlas.cid.harvard.edu/explore?country=undefined&product=1243&year=2018&productClass=HS&tradeFlow=Net&target=Product&partner=undefined&startYear=undefined|title=Who exported Woven fabrics of carded wool in 2018?}}</ref> and combed (73.4% in 2018)<ref> {{cite web|url=https://atlas.cid.harvard.edu/explore?country=undefined&product=1244&year=2018&productClass=HS&tradeFlow=Net&target=Product&partner=undefined&startYear=undefined|title=Who exported Woven fabrics of combed wool in 2018?}}</ref> wool fabrics. These are the only two types of fabrics not dominated by Chinese textile exports. There are three industrial districts that process wool in Italy. One of them, [[Biella]], is located in Piedmont. 

Below are showed some basic stages of wool processing (not complete).
<gallery>
CSIRO_ScienceImage_2801_Wool_Scouring.jpg|[[Wool#Scouring|Scouring]]
Jamieson_wool_Shetland.jpg|[[Carding]]
CSIRO_ScienceImage_1852_Machinery_Weaving_Wool.jpg|[[Combing]]
CSIRO_ScienceImage_11099_Wool_Weaving_Machinery.jpg|[[Weaving]]
</gallery>

===Jewellery===
One of Italy's four industrial jewellery districts is located in [[Valenza Po|Valenza]]. Large jewellery companies such as [[Damiani (jewelry company)|Damiani]], [[Bulgari]], and [[Cartier (jeweler)|Cartier]] have factories here as do many other smaller companies. 

<gallery>
Bulgari-Manufaktur in Valenza, Piemont.jpg|[[Bulgari]] factory in [[Valenza]]
Bismarck Necklace (crop).jpg|Cartier: [[Bismarck Sapphire Necklace|Bismarck sapphire necklace]] 
Cartier 3526707735 f4583fda9a.jpg|Cartier: Mackay emerald and diamond necklace
</gallery>

===Agriculture===
[[File:The rice fields near Vercelli.jpg|thumb|Rice fields between [[Novara]] and [[Vercelli]]]]

Lowland Piedmont is a fertile agricultural region. The main agricultural products in Piedmont are [[cereals]], including [[rice]], representing more than 10% of national production, [[maize]], [[grape]]s for [[wine]]-making, [[fruit]] and [[milk]].<ref name="europa1">{{cite web |url=http://circa.europa.eu/irc/dsis/regportraits/info/data/en/itc1_eco.htm |title=Eurostat |work=Europa (web portal) |access-date=23 April 2010 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210184406/http://circa.europa.eu/irc/dsis/regportraits/info/data/en/itc1_eco.htm |archive-date=10 February 2009}}</ref> With more than 800,000 head of cattle in 2000, livestock production accounts for half of total agricultural production in Piedmont.

[[Piemonte (wine)|Piedmont]] is one of the great winegrowing regions in Italy. More than half of its {{convert|700|km2|acre|abbr=on}} of vineyards are registered with [[Denominazione di Origine Controllata|DOC]] designations. It produces prestigious wines as [[Barolo]] and [[Barbaresco]] from the [[Langhe]] near [[Alba (CN)|Alba]], and the [[Moscato d'Asti]] and sparkling [[Asti (wine)|Asti]] from the vineyards around [[Asti]]. The city of Asti is about {{convert|55|km|mi|abbr=on}} east of Turin in the plain of the Tanaro River and is one of the most important centres of [[Montferrat]], one of the best known Italian wine districts in the world, declared officially on 22 June 2014 a UNESCO World Heritage site.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1390|title=Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato|first=UNESCO World Heritage|last=Centre}}</ref> Indigenous grape varieties include [[Nebbiolo]], [[Barbera]], [[Dolcetto]], [[Freisa]], [[Grignolino]] and [[Brachetto]].

===Tourism===
[[File:Verbania Vista sul Lago Maggiore 13.jpg|thumb|View of [[Verbania]]]]
[[File:Macugnaga.JPG|thumb|[[Macugnaga]]]]

Tourism in Piedmont employs 75,534 people and involves 17,367 companies operating in the hospitality and catering sector, with 1,473 hotels and other tourist accommodation. The sector generates a turnover of €2,671 million, 3.3% of the €80,196 million total estimated spending on tourism in Italy. The region is popular with both foreign visitors and those from other parts of Italy. In 2002 there were 2,651,068 total arrivals, 1,124,696 (42%) of whom were foreign. The traditional leading areas for tourism in Piedmont are the Lake District ("Piedmont's riviera"), which accounts for 32.84% of total overnight stays, and the metropolitan area of Turin, which accounts for 26.51%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.regione.piemonte.it/lingue/english/pagine/cultura/approfondimenti/02_piemontur_en.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Tourism in Piedmont: The Figures|website=Regione Piemonte|date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326094510/http://www.regione.piemonte.it/lingue/english/pagine/cultura/approfondimenti/02_piemontur_en.pdf|archive-date=26 March 2009|access-date=30 June 2023}}</ref>

In 2006, Turin hosted the [[XX Olympic Winter Games]], and in 2007 it hosted the [[2007 Winter Universiade|XXIII Universiade]]. Alpine tourism tends to concentrate in a few highly developed stations like [[Alagna Valsesia]] and [[Sestriere]]. Around 1980, the long-distance trail [[Grande Traversata delle Alpi]] (GTA) was created to draw more attention to the variety of remote, sparsely inhabited valleys. Within the tourism industry in Piedmont, a reference to the system of Royal Residences has to be made. First of all, it is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 1997 and, secondly, it represents a peculiarity of the region, since such a network cannot be found elsewhere in Italy. The Residences of the Royal House of Savoy belong to the historical and cultural heritage of Piedmont and nowadays they play a central role in the tourism field.<ref>{{Cite book|last=AA.VV.|title=Dimore Reali e la Corona di Delizie - Palazzi, castelli e ville sabaude in Piemonte I|publisher=La Stampa|year=2004|location=Torino|pages=1–13}}</ref> In a reality in which the tourism industry is characterized by an amalgam of several players and stakeholders, the creation of a system or network like the one of the Royal Residences represents an added benefit for the whole territory as well as a competitive edge.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cortese|first=Damiano|title=L'azienda turistica: nuovi scenari e modelli evolutivi|publisher=Giappichelli Editore|year=2018|location=Torino|pages=63–77}}</ref> Therefore, considering that tourism is a key factor in the creation of long-lasting value and working in a cooperative and collaborative perspective is essential,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cortese D., Giacosa E., Cantino V.|title=Knowledge sharing for coopetition in tourist destinations: the difficult path to the network|publisher=Springer|year=2018|pages=1–12}}</ref> the network of the Royal Residences represents an example worth of notice.

Piedmont has many small and picturesque villages, 20 of them have been selected by {{lang|it|[[I Borghi più belli d'Italia]]}} ({{langx|en|The most beautiful Villages of Italy}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://borghipiubelliditalia.it/basilicata/|title=Basilicata|date=10 January 2017 |access-date=1 August 2023|language=it}}</ref> a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/viaggi/2023/01/16/news/borghi_piu_belli_italia_14_nuovi_2023-383794441/|title=Borghi più belli d'Italia. Le 14 novità 2023, dal Trentino alla Calabria|date=16 January 2023 |access-date=28 July 2023|language=it}}</ref> that was founded on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities.<ref>{{Cite web |url = http://borghipiubelliditalia.it/ |title = I Borghi più belli d'Italia, la guida online ai piccoli centri dell'Italia nascosta|access-date=3 May 2018|language=it}}</ref> These villages are:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://borghipiubelliditalia.it/piemonte/|title=Piemonte|date=9 January 2017 |access-date=31 July 2023|language=it}}</ref>
[[File:Vogogna veduta.jpg|thumb|right|[[Vogogna]] is one of "[[I Borghi più belli d'Italia|The Most Beautiful Villages in Italy]]".]]
[[File:OrtaSanGiulioAug132024 02.jpg|thumb|[[Orta San Giulio]] is one of "[[I Borghi più belli d'Italia|The Most Beautiful Villages in Italy]]".]]

*[[Barolo, Piedmont|Barolo]]
*[[Castagnole delle Lanze]]
*[[Cella Monte]]
*[[Pontechianale|Chianale]]
*[[Cocconato]]
*[[Garbagna, Piedmont|Garbagna]]
*[[Garessio]]
*[[Guarene]]
*[[Ingria, Piedmont|Ingria]]
*[[Mombaldone]]
*[[Monforte d'Alba]]
*[[Neive]]
*[[Orta San Giulio]]
*[[Ostana]]
*[[Candelo|Ricetto di Candelo]]
*[[Rosazza]]
*[[Usseaux|Usseauso]]
*[[Tortona|Vho]]
*[[Vogogna]]
*[[Volpedo]]

=== Unemployment ===
The unemployment rate stood at 6.2% in 2023.<ref> {{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/lfst_r_lfu3rt/default/table?lang=en|title=Unemployment rates by sex, age, educational attainment level and NUTS 2 regions (%)|language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!2006
!2007
!2008
!2009
!2010
!2011
!2012
!2013
!2014
!2015
!2016
!2017
!2018
!2019
!2020
!2021
!2022
!2023
|-
|'''Unemployment rate'''
|4.1%
|4.2%
|5.1%
|6.8% 
|7.5%
|7.6%
|9.2%
|10.5%
|11.3%
|10.2%
|9.3%
|9.1%
|8.2%
|7.7%
|7.5%
|7.3%
|6.5%
|6.2%
|}