Editing Phreaking (section)

===Blue boxes===
[[File:Blue Box at the Powerhouse Museum.jpg|thumbnail|Blue box]]
{{Main|Blue box}}

In October 1971, phreaking was introduced to the masses when [[Esquire (magazine)|''Esquire'']] magazine published a story called "Secrets of the Little Blue Box"<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.lospadres.info/thorg/lbb.html |title = Secrets of the Little Blue Box |access-date = 2010-09-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url = http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/the_spectator/2011/10/steve_jobs_and_the_little_blue_box_how_ron_rosenbaum_s_1971_arti.html |title = Steve Jobs and Me: He said my 1971 article inspired him. His iBook obsessed me. |journal = Slate |date = 7 October 2011 |access-date = 2011-10-12|last1 = Rosenbaum |first1 = Ron }}</ref><ref name="Rosenbaum">{{cite magazine|last1 = Rosenbaum|first1 = Ron|url = http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/the_spectator/2011/10/the_article_that_inspired_steve_jobs_secrets_of_the_little_blue_.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111103003732/http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/the_spectator/2011/10/the_article_that_inspired_steve_jobs_secrets_of_the_little_blue_.html|archive-date = 2011-11-03 |title = "Secrets of the Little Blue Box": The 1971 article about phone hacking that inspired Steve Jobs. |magazine = [[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date = 7 October 2011 |access-date = 2011-10-12}}</ref> by [[Ron Rosenbaum]]. This article featured Engressia and John Draper prominently, synonymising their names with phreaking. The article also attracted the interest of other soon-to-be phreaks, such as [[Steve Wozniak]] and [[Steve Jobs]], who went on to found [[Apple Computer]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.woz.org/letters/general/03.html |title = Welcome to Woz.org |access-date = 2008-06-21 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180412212620/http://www.woz.org/letters/general/03.html |archive-date = 2018-04-12 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|author1=Lapsley, Phil|title=The Definitive Story of Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs, and Phone Phreaking|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/02/the-definitive-story-of-steve-wozniak-steve-jobs-and-phone-phreaking/273331/|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|access-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224204521/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/02/the-definitive-story-of-steve-wozniak-steve-jobs-and-phone-phreaking/273331/|archive-date=24 February 2013|location=theatlantic.com|date=20 February 2013}}</ref>

1971 also saw the beginnings of ''YIPL'' (''Youth International Party Line''), a publication started by [[Abbie Hoffman]] and Al Bell to provide information to [[Yippies]] on how to "beat [[The Man|the man]]", mostly involving telephones. In the first issue of ''YIPL'', writers included a "shout-out" to all of the phreakers who provided technological information for the newsletter: "We at YIPL would like to offer thanks to all you phreaks out there."<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Phreaks, Hackers, and Trolls|last=Coleman|first=Gabriella|pages=104}}</ref> In the last issue, YIPL stated:

<blockquote>YIPL believes that education alone cannot affect the System, but education can be an invaluable tool for those willing to use it. Specifically, YIPL will show you why something must be done immediately in regard, of course, to the improper control of the communication in this country by none other than bell telephone company.<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>

In 1973, Al Bell would move YIPL over and start TAP (Technological American Party).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyofphonephreaking.org/docs/yipl-fbi.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.historyofphonephreaking.org/docs/yipl-fbi.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |title=Youth International Party Line (YIPL) / Technological American Party (TAP), New York FBI files 100-NY-179649 and 117-NY-2905 (3.2 Mbytes). |access-date=2013-11-30}}</ref> 

Al Bell was denied opening a bank account under the name of ''Technological American Party'', since he was not a [[political party]], so he changed the name to ''Technological Assistance Program'' to get a bank account.<ref name="malicious.life/3/50/YIPL">{{cite web |last1=Levi |first1=Ran |title=SEASON 3 Episode 50 : 'Pa Bell' Vs. Youth International Party Line |url=https://malicious.life/episode/pa_bell_youth_international_party_line/ |website=Malicious Life |access-date=9 May 2022 |quote=The Cheshire Catalyst is Richard Cheshire, former editor of the TAP Newsletter.}}</ref>

TAP developed into a major source for subversive technical information among phreaks and hackers all over the world.{{According to whom|date=July 2014}} Members such as Cheshire Catalyst met with journalists at the 1982 [[West Coast Computer Faire]], where the group provided an address to subscribe to its newsletter ("TAP doesn't have a telephone", Cheshire said).<ref name="markoff19820412">{{Cite magazine |last=Markoff |first=John |date=1982-04-12 |title=Phone phreaks push their own newsletter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YjAEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA3&pg=PA11#v=onepage&q&f=true |access-date=2025-03-16 |magazine=InfoWorld |page=11}}</ref> TAP ran from 1973 to 1984, with Al Bell handing over the magazine to "Tom Edison" in the late 1970s. TAP ended publication in 1984 due mostly to a break-in and arson at Tom Edison's residence in 1983.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://cheshirecatalyst.com/tap.html |title = Cheshire's Book - TAP.HTML |access-date = 2008-06-21}}</ref> Cheshire Catalyst then took over running the magazine for its final (1984) year.

A controversially suppressed article "Regulating the Phone Company In Your Home"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://explodingthephone.com/docs/dbx0431.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://explodingthephone.com/docs/dbx0431.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Regulating the Phone Company In Your Home| date=June 1972|access-date=2019-09-11}}</ref> in [[Ramparts (magazine)|''Ramparts'' magazine]] (June 1972) increased interest in phreaking. This article published simple schematic plans of a "[[Black box (phreaking)|black box]]" used to make free long-distance phone calls, and included a very short parts list that could be used to construct one. AT&T forced ''Ramparts'' to pull all copies from shelves, but not before numerous copies were sold and many regular subscribers received them.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://explodingthephone.com/docs/dbx0920.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://explodingthephone.com/docs/dbx0920.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Ma Bell vs. Ramparts|date=1972-05-20|access-date=2019-09-11}}</ref>