Editing Philosemitism (section)

=== In Europe ===

====Germany====
Iris Dekel writes that in twenty-first-century Germany, philosemitism "is performed in three interconnected social domains: institutional, where state institutions declare their commitment to protecting Jews as a religious minority; group, where the contingent relations between love for the Jews and exclusionary statements about them appears, mostly in casting Jews as both strange and unknown and embraced; and individual, where individuals exhibit positive sentiments toward Jews as an ideal collective".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dekel |first1=Irit |title=Philosemitism in contemporary German media |journal=Media, Culture & Society |date=May 2022 |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=746–763 |doi=10.1177/01634437211060193}}</ref>

==== Poland ====
[[File:Łuszczkiewicz-Kazimierz Wielki u Esterki.jpg|thumb|Depiction of Polish king [[Casimir III the Great]] visiting his Jewish mistress Esther, by Polish painter [[Władysław Łuszczkiewicz]] (1870)]]
While Jews had lived in Poland since before his reign, King [[Casimir III the Great]] allowed them to settle in Poland in great numbers and protected them as ''people of the king''. About 70 percent of the world's European Jews, or Ashkenazi, can trace their ancestry to [[History of the Jews in Poland|Poland]] due to Casimir's reforms.<ref>{{cite news|title=In Poland, a Jewish Revival Thrives—Minus Jews|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=12 July 2007}}</ref> Casimir's legendary Jewish mistress [[Esterka]] remains unconfirmed by direct historical evidence, but belief in her and her legacy is widespread and prolific.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://histmag.org/Esterka-miedzy-legenda-a-prawda-historyczna-17409 |title=Esterka: między legendą a prawdą historyczną |access-date=28 March 2020}}</ref> South of the Old Town of [[Kraków]] King Casimir established the independent royal city of [[Kazimierz]], which for many centuries was a place where ethnic Polish and Jewish cultures coexisted and intermingled.

==== Czechoslovakia ====
The case of the myths created around the supposed special relationship between [[Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk]], the founding father of [[Czechoslovakia]], and influential Jews from the U.S. or elsewhere, myths created by Masaryk and adopted in amended forms by Czechoslovak Jews, let [[cultural history|cultural historian]] Martin Wein quote [[Zygmunt Bauman]]'s and [[Artur Sandauer]]'s concept of an "[[Allosemitism|allosemitic]]" worldview, in which, in Wein's words, "antisemitism and philosemitism overlap and share [[stereotype]]s, producing exaggerated disregard ''or'' admiration for Jews or Judaism."<ref name="Wein" /> In this sense, Wein quotes Masaryk's statements about a decisive Jewish influence over the press, and him mentioning Jews and [[freemasonry|freemasons]] in the same breath, when it came to lobbies he allegedly managed to win over.<ref name="Wein">{{cite book |isbn= 978-1138811652 |first= Martin |last= Wein |title= A History of Czechs and Jews: A Slavic Jerusalem |pages= 44–50 |chapter= Masaeyk and the Jews |year= 2015 |publisher= Routledge |via=Google Books |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=0bugBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA50 |access-date=2 July 2015 }}</ref>