Editing Philippe de Commines (section)

===Mémoires===
After his release, Commines was exiled to his estate at [[Dreux]], where he began to write his ''Mémoires''. (This title was not used until an edition of 1552.) By 1490, however, he was recovering his position at court and was in the service of King [[Charles VIII of France]]. Charles never allowed him the privileged position he had held under Louis, and he was once again used as an envoy to the Italian states. However, his personal affairs were still problematic, and his right to some of the possessions given him by Louis was subject to legal challenges.

In 1498 (fifteen years after the death of [[Louis XI of France]]), Commines's work was completed (first published in 1524 in Paris), and is considered a historical record of immense importance, largely because of its author's cynical and forthright attitude to the events and machinations he had witnessed. His writings reveal many of the less savoury aspects of the reign of Louis XI, and Commines related them without apology, insisting that the late king's virtues outweighed his vices. He is regarded as a major primary source for 15th-century European history.

The ''Mémoires'' are divided into "books", the first six of which were written between 1488 and 1494, and relate the course of events from the beginning of Commines' career (1464) up to the death of King Louis. The remaining two books were written between 1497 and 1501 (printed in 1528), and deal with the Italian wars, ending in the death of King [[Charles VIII of France]].

[[File:The deathbed of Philippes de Commines.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|The deathbed of Philippe de Commines.]]
Commines' scepticism is summed up in his own words: ''Car ceux qui gagnent en ont toujours l'honneur'' ("For the honours always go to the winners"). Some have disputed whether his candid phrases disguise a deeper dishonesty. Yet at no time does he attempt to present himself as a hero, even when recounting his military career. His attitude to politics is one of pragmatism, and his ideas are practical and progressive. His reflections on the events he has witnessed are profound by comparison with those of [[Jean Froissart|Froissart]], who lived a century earlier. His psychological insights into the behaviour of kings are ahead of their time, reminiscent in some ways of the contemporaneous writings of [[Niccolò Machiavelli]]. Like Machiavelli, Commines aims to instruct the reader in statecraft, though from a slightly different viewpoint. In particular, he notes how Louis repeatedly got the better of the English, not by military might, but by political machination.