Editing Peterhouse, Cambridge (section)

== Buildings and grounds ==
[[File:Cambridge Peterhouse Cloisters.JPG|thumb|The Chapel cloisters, through which Old Court can be seen]]

Peterhouse has its main site situated on [[Trumpington Street]], to the south of Cambridge's town centre. The main portion of the college is just to the north of the [[Fitzwilliam Museum]], and its grounds run behind the museum. The buildings date from a wide variety of times, and have been much altered over the years. The college is reputed to have been at least partially destroyed by fire in 1420. The entrance of the college has shifted through its lifetime as well, with the change being principally the result of the demolition of the row of houses that originally lined Trumpington Street on the east side of the college. In 1574, a map shows the entrance being on the south side of a single main court. The modern entrance is to the east, straight onto Trumpington Street.<ref name="cooper" />

===First Court===
The area closest to Trumpington Street is referred to as First Court. It is bounded to the north by the Burrough's Building (added in the 18th century), to the east by the street, to the south by the Porters' lodge and to the west by the chapel. Above the Porters' lodge is the Perne Library, named in honour of [[Andrew Perne]], a former Master, and originally built in 1590 to house the collection that he donated to the college. It was extended towards the road in 1633 and features interior woodwork that was added in 1641–48 by William Ashley, who was also responsible for similar woodwork in the chapel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britainexpress.com/counties/cambridgeshire/az/cambridge/peterhouse.htm|title=Peterhouse, Cambridge |publisher=Britain Express|access-date=8 September 2008}}</ref> Electric lighting was added to the library in 1937.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/virtualtour/arch_tour/032.html|work=Peterhouse Architectural Tour|title=The Perne Library|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Peterhouse, Cambridge |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529121940/http://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/virtualtour/arch_tour/032.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=29 May 2008}}</ref> The area above the Perne Library was used as the Ward Library (the college's general purpose library) from 1952 to 1984, but that has now been moved to its own building in the north-west corner of the college site.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/virtualtour/arch_tour/067.html|work=Peterhouse Architectural Tour|title=Over the Perne Library|access-date=8 September 2008 |publisher=Peterhouse, Cambridge |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529023636/http://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/virtualtour/arch_tour/067.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=29 May 2008}}</ref>

====Burrough's Building====
The Burrough's Building is situated at the front of the college, parallel to the Chapel. It is named after its architect, Sir James Burrough, the Master of [[Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge|Caius]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cambridge2000.com/cambridge2000/html/architect_builder/James_Burrough.html |title=James Burrough |publisher=Cambridge 2000 |access-date=20 December 2012}}</ref> and was built in 1736. It is one of several Cambridge neo-[[Palladian]] buildings designed by Burrough. Others include the remodelling of the Hall and Old Court at [[Trinity Hall, Cambridge|Trinity Hall]] and the chapel at [[Clare College, Cambridge|Clare College]]. The building is occupied by fellows and college offices.

===Old Court===
[[File:Peterhouse-Hall.JPG|thumb|upright=1.3|Peterhouse's [[Formal (university)|Dining Hall]]]]
Old Court lies beyond the Chapel cloisters. To the south of the court is the dining hall, the only College building that survives from the 13th century and the oldest collegiate building in all of Cambridge. Between 1866 and 1870, the hall was restored by the architect [[George Gilbert Scott, Jr.]] Under Scott, the timber roof was repaired and two old parlours merged to form a new Combination Room. The stained glass windows were also replaced with [[Pre-Raphaelite]] pieces by [[William Morris]], [[Ford Madox Brown]] and [[Edward Burne-Jones]].<ref name="walker" /> The fireplace (originally built in 1618) was restored with tiles by Morris, including depictions of St Peter and Hugo de Balsham.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/virtualtour/arch_tour/006.html |work=Peterhouse Architectural Tour |title=Hall Chimneypiece |access-date=8 September 2008 |publisher=Peterhouse, Cambridge |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061009062613/http://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/virtualtour/arch_tour/006.html |archive-date=9 October 2006 }}</ref> The hall was extensively renovated in 2006-7.

The north and west sides of Old Court were added in the 15th century, and classicised in the 18th century.<ref name="walker" /> The chapel makes up the fourth, east side to the court. Rooms in Old Court are occupied by a mixture of fellows and undergraduates. The north side of the court also house Peterhouse's [[Middle Common Room|MCR]] (Middle Combination Room).

====Chapel====
[[File:Cambridge Peterhouse Chapel.JPG|thumb|left|Interior of the Chapel]]

Viewed from the main entrance to Peterhouse on Trumpington Street, the altar end of the Chapel is the most immediately visible building. The Chapel was built in 1628 when the [[Master (college)|Master]] of the time [[Matthew Wren]] ([[Christopher Wren]]'s uncle) demolished the college's original hostels. Previously the college had employed the adjacent [[Little St Mary's, Cambridge|Church of St Mary the Less]] as its chapel. The Chapel was consecrated on 17 March 1632 by [[Francis White (Bishop)|Francis White]], Bishop of Ely.<ref name="cooper" /> The building's style reflects the contemporary religious trend towards [[Arminianism]]. The [[Laudian]] [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] style of the Chapel mixes [[Renaissance]] details but incorporated them into a traditional [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] building. The Chapel's [[Renaissance]] architecture contains a [[Pietà]] altarpiece and a striking ceiling of golden suns. Its placement in the centre of one side of a court, between open colonnades is unusual, being copied for a single other college ([[Emmanuel College, Cambridge|Emmanuel]]) by [[Christopher Wren]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/virtualtour/arch_tour/061.html|work=Peterhouse Architectural Tour|title=Old Court, Looking East|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Peterhouse, Cambridge |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080529023626/http://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/virtualtour/arch_tour/061.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 29 May 2008}}</ref> The original stained glass was destroyed by [[roundhead|Parliamentarians]] in 1643, with only the east window's crucifixion scene (based on [[Peter Paul Rubens|Rubens]]'s ''Le Coup de Lance'') surviving.{{refn|group=nb|"We went to Peter-house, 1643, December 21, with officers and soldiers, and in the presence of Mr. Hanscott, Mr. Wilson, the President Mr. Francis, Mr. Maxey, and other Fellows... We pulled down two mighty great angells, with wings, and divers other angells, and the 4 Evangelists, and Peter, with his keies on the chappell door and about a hundred chirubims and angells, and divers superstitious letters in gold."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cooper|first1=Trevor|title=The Journal of William Dowsing: Iconoclasm in East Anglia during the English Civil War|date=26 April 2001|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|isbn=978-0851158334}}</ref>}} The current side windows are by [[Max Emanuel Ainmiller|Max Ainmiller]], and were added in 1855. The cloisters on each side of the Chapel date from the 17th century. Their design was classicised in 1709, while an ornamental porch was removed in 1755. The Peterhouse Partbooks, music manuscripts from the early years of the Chapel, survive, and are one of the most important collections of Tudor and Jacobean church music. The Chapel Choir, one of the smallest in Cambridge, has recently attracted wider interest for its regular performances of this material, some of which has not been heard since the 16th century. The Organ in the Chapel was installed in 1765 [[John Snetzler]]. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the Organ was expanded and renovated by [[William Hill & Son|Hill & Son]] (1893-94) and [[Noel Mander]] (1963). In 2023, the Organ underwent a substantial restoration and renovation project by [[Flentrop]] and [[Klais Orgelbau|Klais]]. This restoration uniquely provides two mechanical-action consoles: one 'historic' console intended to recreate the experience of playing Snetzler's original instrument; the other a contemporary console, to allow for the performance of a wider range of repertoire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Organ {{!}} Peterhouse |url=https://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/organ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=www.pet.cam.ac.uk}}</ref> 

The first person buried in the Chapel was Samuel Horne, a fellow of the college.<ref name="cooper" /> Horne was probably chaplain.

[[File:Gisborne Court. Peterhouse.jpg|thumb|I and H staircases, Gisborne Court, Peterhouse]]

===Gisborne Court===
Gisborne Court is accessible through an archway leading from the west side of Old Court. It was built in 1825-6.<ref name="walker" /> Its cost was met with part of a benefaction of 1817 from the Rev. Francis Gisborne, a former fellow. The court is built in white brick with stone dressings in a simple [[Gothic revival]] style from the designs of [[William McIntosh Brookes]]. Only three sides to the court were built, with the fourth side being a screen wall. The wall was demolished in 1939, leaving only its footing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/virtualtour/arch_tour/066.html|work=Peterhouse Architectural Tour|title=Gisborne Court|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Peterhouse, Cambridge |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080529020457/http://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/virtualtour/arch_tour/066.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 29 May 2008}}</ref> Rooms in Gisborne Court are mainly occupied by undergraduates. Many previously housed distinguished alumni, including Lord Kelvin in I staircase.

[[File:Whittle Building.jpg|thumb|left|Whittle Building in Gisborne Court, Peterhouse.]]

====Whittle Building====
The Whittle Building, named after Petrean [[Frank Whittle]], opened on the western side of Gisborne Court in early 2015. Designed in neo-gothic style by [[John Simpson (architect)|John Simpson Architects]], it contains en-suite undergraduate accommodation, the student bar and common room, a function room and a gym. Its design recalls that of the original screen-wall that once stood in its place.<ref>{{cite web|title=Whittle Building|url=http://www.johnsimpsonarchitects.com/pa/Peterhouse.html|website=John Simpson Architects|access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref> In 2015 the building was shortlisted for the [[Carbuncle Cup]], given annually by the magazine ''[[Building Design]]'' to "the ugliest building in the United Kingdom completed in the last 12 months".<ref name=bd2010>{{cite web |url=http://www.bdonline.co.uk/news/six-in-race-for-carbuncle-cup/5003099.article |title=Six in race for Carbuncle Cup |date=22 July 2010 |author=Watson, Anna |publisher=bdonline.co.uk |accessdate=2010-07-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Carbuncle Cup: Whittle Building, Peterhouse, University of Cambridge|url=https://www.bdonline.co.uk/buildings/carbuncle-cup-whittle-building-peterhouse-university-of-cambridge/5076766.article|website=BD Online|access-date=23 June 2023}}</ref>

===Fen Court===
Beyond Gisborne Court is Fen Court, a 20th-century building partially on stilts. Fen Court was built between 1939 and 1941 from designs by [[Henry Castree Hughes|H. C. Hughes]] and his partner [[Peter Bicknell]].<ref name="autogenerated1">Peterhouse Annual Record 2002/2003</ref> It was amongst the earliest buildings in Cambridge designed in the style of the Modern Movement pioneered by [[Walter Gropius]] at the [[Bauhaus]]. The carved panel by Anthony Foster over the entrance doorway evokes the mood in Britain as the building was completed. It bears the inscription DE PROFUNDIS CLAMAVI MCMXL — "out of the depths have I cried out 1940". These are the first words of [[Psalms|Psalm]] 130, one of the [[Penitential Psalms]]. Alongside the inscription is a depiction of [[St Peter]] being saved from the sea.

An adjacent bath-house, known as the Birdwood Building, used to make up the western side of Gisborne Court. This was also designed by Hughes and Bicknell, and was built between 1932 and 1934.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> It was demolished in 2013 to make way for the new Whittle Building.

====Ward Library====
[[File:Hidden Cambridge, A University Library - panoramio.jpg|thumb|left|Ward library entrance]]

The north-west corner of the main site is occupied by former Victorian warehouses containing the Ward Library, as well as a theatre and function room. The building it is housed in was originally the University's [[Museum of Classical Archaeology, Cambridge|Museum of Classical Archaeology]] and was designed by [[Basil Champneys]] in 1883. It was adapted to its modern purpose by [[Robert Potter (architect)|Robert Potter]] in 1982 and opened in its current form as a library two years later. In recent years, the final gallery of the old museum building has been converted into a reading room, named the Gunn Gallery, after Chan Gunn.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Peterhouse Libraries|url=http://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/libraries/history-peterhouse-libraries|work=Peterhouse Website|access-date=24 January 2011|archive-date=11 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411101700/http://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/libraries/history-peterhouse-libraries|url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Gardens====
[[File:Cambridge Peterhouse Hall.JPG|thumb|Exterior of the Hall, leading to the Deer Park.]]

While officially being named the Grove, the grounds to the south of Gisborne Court have been known as the Deer Park since deer were brought there in the 19th century. During that period it achieved fame as the smallest deer park in England. After the First World War the deer sickened and passed their illness onto stock that had been imported from the [[Duke of Portland]]'s estate at [[Welbeck Abbey]] in an attempt to improve the situation. There are no longer any deer.

[[File:Peterhouse_Deer_Park_in_Spring.png|thumb|left|Peterhouse Deer Park in Spring]]

The remainder of the college's gardens divide into areas known as the Fellows' Garden, just to the south of Old Court, and the Scholars' Garden, at the south end of the site, surrounding the William Stone Building.

====William Stone Building====
[[File:William Stone Building, Cambridge (2).jpg|thumb|left|William Stone Building, Scholars' Garden]]
The [[William Stone Building]] stands in the Scholars' Garden and was funded by a £100,000 bequest from William Stone (1857–1958), a former scholar of the college. Erected in 1963-4, to a design by Sir [[Leslie Martin]] and Sir [[Colin St John Wilson]], it is an eight-storey brick tower<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/virtualtour/arch_tour/073.html|work=Peterhouse Architectural Tour|title=William Stone Building|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Peterhouse, Cambridge |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080529122015/http://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/virtualtour/arch_tour/073.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 29 May 2008}}</ref> housing eight fellows and 24 undergraduates. It has been refurbished, converting the rooms to en-suite.

===Trumpington Street===
The college also occupies a number of buildings on Trumpington Street.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/welcome-peterhouse/map-college|title=Map of the College – Peterhouse Cambridge}}</ref>

====Master's Lodge====
[[File:Master's Lodge of Peterhouse, Cambridge (West Face).jpg|thumb|right|Master's Lodge]]

The Master's Lodge is situated across Trumpington Street from the College, and was bequeathed to the College in 1727 by a fellow, Charles Beaumont, son of the 30th Master of the college, Joseph Beaumont. It is built in red brick in the [[Queen Anne Style architecture|Queen Anne]] style.<ref name="PetWebsite" />

====The Hostel====
The Hostel is situated next to the Master's Lodge. It was built in a neo-Georgian style in 1926 from designs by Thomas Henry Lyon. The Hostel was intended to be part of a larger complex but only one wing was built. It currently houses undergraduates and some fellows. During World War II the [[London School of Economics]] was housed in The Hostel and nearby buildings, at the invitation of the Master and Fellows.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/images/display.html?image=album/hostel/hostel_03.jpg|title=Peterhouse Images|publisher=Peterhouse, Cambridge|access-date=8 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529001601/http://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/images/display.html?image=album%2Fhostel%2Fhostel_03.jpg|archive-date=29 May 2008|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

====Cosin Court====
Behind the Hostel lies Cosin Court, which provides accommodation for fellows and mature, postgraduate, and married students. The court is named for [[John Cosin]] (1594–1672) who was successively Master of Peterhouse, [[List of Vice-Chancellors of the University of Cambridge|Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University]] and [[Bishop of Durham|Prince-Bishop of Durham]].

====St Peter's Terrace====
[[File:St Peter's Terrace, Trumpington Street, Cambridge.jpg|thumb|right|St Peter's Terrace]]

This row of Georgian townhouses houses first-year undergraduates, fellows, and some graduate students in basement flats. It is directly in front of the William Stone Building.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cambridge2000.com/cambridge2000/html/0004/P4060471.html|title=Cambridge 2000: Peterhouse: Trumpington Street: St Peter's Terrace}}</ref>