Editing Persian Gulf (section)

== Oceanography ==
The Persian Gulf is connected to the Indian Ocean through the Strait of Hormuz. Writing the water balance budget for the Persian Gulf, the inputs are river discharges from Iran and Iraq (estimated to be {{convert|2000|m3}} per second), as well as precipitation over the sea which is around {{convert|180|mm|in|abbr=on}}/year in [[Qeshm Island]]. The evaporation of the sea is high, so that after considering river discharge and rain contributions, there is still a deficit of {{convert|416|km3}} per year.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pous|first1=Stéphane|last2=Lazure|first2=Pascal|last3=Carton|first3=Xavier|title=A model of the general circulation in the Persian Gulf and in the Strait of Hormuz: Intraseasonal to interannual variability|journal=Continental Shelf Research|volume=94|pages=55–70|doi=10.1016/j.csr.2014.12.008|year=2015|url=https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00244/35563/|bibcode=2015CSR....94...55P}}</ref> This difference is supplied by currents at the [[Strait of Hormuz]]. The water from the Persian Gulf has a higher salinity, and therefore exits from the bottom of the Strait, while ocean water with less salinity flows in through the top. Another study revealed the following numbers for water exchanges for the Persian Gulf: evaporation = –{{convert|1.84|m|ft|abbr=on}}/year, precipitation = {{convert|0.08|m|ft|abbr=on}}/year, inflow from the Strait = {{convert|33.66|m|ft|abbr=on}}/year, outflow from the Strait = -{{convert|32.11|m|ft|abbr=on}}/year, and the balance is 0&nbsp;m (0&nbsp;ft)/year.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Xue|first1=Pengfei|last2=Eltahir|first2=Elfatih A. B.|date=2015-01-29|title=Estimation of the Heat and Water Budgets of the Persian (Arabian) Gulf Using a Regional Climate Model|journal=Journal of Climate|volume=28|issue=13|pages=5041–5062|doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00189.1|issn=0894-8755|citeseerx=10.1.1.714.254|bibcode=2015JCli...28.5041X|s2cid=14873658 }}</ref> Data from different 3D computational fluid mechanics models, typically with spatial resolution of {{convert|3|km}} and depth each element equal to {{convert|1|–|10|m|ft}} are predominantly used in computer models.{{fact|date=January 2025}}