Editing Peroxisome (section)

== Peroxisome interaction and communication ==
The diverse functions of peroxisomes require dynamic interactions and cooperation with many organelles involved in cellular lipid metabolisms such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lipid droplets, and lysosomes.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shai N, Schuldiner M, Zalckvar E | title = No peroxisome is an island - Peroxisome contact sites | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research | volume = 1863 | issue = 5 | pages = 1061–9 | date = May 2016 | pmid = 26384874 | pmc = 4869879 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.09.016 }}</ref>

Peroxisomes interact with mitochondria in several metabolic pathways, including β-oxidation of fatty acids and the metabolism of reactive oxygen species.<ref name="pmid16756494" /> Both organelles are in close contact with the endoplasmic reticulum and share several proteins, including organelle fission factors.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Costello JL, Passmore JB, Islinger M, Schrader M | title = Proteomics of Peroxisomes | chapter = Multi-localized Proteins: The Peroxisome-Mitochondria Connection | volume = 89 | pages = 383–415 | date = 2018 | pmid = 30378033 | doi = 10.1007/978-981-13-2233-4_17 | series = Subcellular Biochemistry | isbn = 978-981-13-2232-7 }}</ref> Peroxisomes also interact with the endoplasmic reticulum and cooperate in the synthesis of ether lipids (plasmalogens), which are important for nerve cells (see above). In filamentous fungi, peroxisomes move on microtubules by 'hitchhiking,' a process involving contact with rapidly moving early endosomes.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Salogiannis J, Reck-Peterson SL | title = Hitchhiking: A Non-Canonical Mode of Microtubule-based Transport | journal = Trends in Cell Biology | volume = 27 | issue = 2 | pages = 141–150 | date = 2017 | pmid = 27665063 | doi = 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.09.005 | pmc = 5258766 }}</ref>  Physical contact between organelles is often mediated by membrane contact sites, where membranes of two organelles are physically tethered to enable rapid transfer of small molecules, enable organelle communication and are crucial for coordination of cellular functions and hence human health.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Castro IG, Schuldiner M, Zalckvar E | title = Mind the Organelle Gap - Peroxisome Contact Sites in Disease | journal = Trends in Biochemical Sciences | volume = 43 | issue = 3 | pages = 199–210 | date = March 2018 | pmid = 29395653 | pmc = 6252078 | doi = 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.01.001 }}</ref> Alterations of membrane contacts have been observed in various diseases.