Editing Penny Lane (section)

==Production==
===Main recording===
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| video1 = "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnwhtXwqASw Penny Lane (Take 6 / Instrumental)]"
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Production began in Studio 2 at [[Abbey Road Studios|EMI Studios]] on 29 December 1966{{sfn|Lewisohn|2005|p=91}} with piano as the main instrument.{{sfn|Babiuk|2002|p=195}} McCartney intended the song to have a "clean" sound akin to [[the Beach Boys]]' ''[[Pet Sounds]]'' album.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wawzenek |first1=Brian |title=Paul McCartney Waxes Nostalgic, Gets Kaleidoscopic on 'Penny Lane': The Story Behind Every 'Sgt. Pepper' Song |url=https://ultimateclassicrock.com/beatles-penny-lane-2/ |website=[[Ultimate Classic Rock]] |access-date=3 October 2018 |date=17 May 2017}}</ref> Engineer [[Geoff Emerick]] recalled McCartney playing ''Pet Sounds'' repeatedly during recording session breaks, adding that "it wasn't altogether unsurprising [when] he wanted 'a really clean American sound'" for "Penny Lane".{{sfn|Emerick|Massey|2006|p=142}}{{refn|group=nb|McCartney said he especially admired the "harmonic structures" of the songs on ''Pet Sounds'' and the choice of instruments used in [[Brian Wilson]]'s musical arrangements, and that these elements encouraged him to think the Beatles could "get further out" than the Beach Boys had.{{sfn|Babiuk|2002|p=197}}}} Initially, McCartney recorded keyboard parts onto the individual tracks of the four-track tape: a basic piano rhythm on track one; a second piano, recorded through a [[Vox (musical equipment)|Vox guitar amplifier]] with added [[reverb]], on track two; a [[prepared piano]] producing a "honky-tonk" sound on track three; and percussion effects and a [[harmonium]] playing high notes fed through the guitar amplifier on track four.<ref name="auto">{{cite AV media notes |title=Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band Super Deluxe Edition |title-link=Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band |year=2017 |others=[[The Beatles]] |type=booklet |publisher=[[Apple Records]] |location=London |p=91}}</ref>{{sfn|Winn|2009|pp=80–81}} On 30 December, the four tracks were mixed together to form the first track of a new tape.<ref name="auto"/>

On 4 January 1967, the Beatles' first session of the new year, Lennon and Harrison [[Overdubbing|overdubbed]] contributions on piano and lead guitar, respectively, and McCartney added a lead vocal, which he then replaced the following day.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2005|p=92}} Further overdubs, on 6 January, included [[Ringo Starr]]'s drums, McCartney's bass guitar and Lennon's rhythm guitar, as well as handclaps, congas, harmony vocals and more piano.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2005|p=92}} Following another reduction mix, brass and woodwind instruments, including four flutes, were added on 9 and 12 January,{{sfn|Lewisohn|2005|p=93}} from a score by producer [[George Martin]], guided by McCartney's suggested melody lines.<ref name="auto"/> On 10 January, the Beatles overdubbed effects such as scat harmony singing and a handbell, the latter in recognition of the fireman and fire engine mentioned in the lyrics. The second overdubbing session for the classical instrumentation, on 12 January, featured two further trumpets, two oboes, two [[Cor anglais (English horn)|cors anglais]] and a double bass.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2005|p=93}}

===Piccolo trumpet solo===
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| filename     = Piccolo_trumpet_solo_from_Penny_Lane.ogg
| title        = The piccolo trumpet solo performed by David Mason
| description  = Hertsgaard describes the solo as "so unmistakably a part of 'Penny Lane'", adding that "[it] rises out of the din like a bird taking wing at dawn. The sense of freedom, energy, and sheer happiness is glorious."{{sfn|Hertsgaard|1996|p=211}}
}}
McCartney was dissatisfied with the initial attempts at the song's instrumental fill, and was inspired to use a [[piccolo trumpet]] after seeing trumpeter [[David Mason (trumpeter)|David Mason]] play the instrument during a [[BBC]] television broadcast of the second [[Brandenburg Concerto]] by [[Johann Sebastian Bach]].{{sfn|Lewisohn|2005|p=93}} On 17 January, Mason recorded the instrumental solo used for the final mix.{{sfn|Ingham|2006|p=195}} Martin later wrote, "The result was unique, something which had never been done in rock music before."{{sfn|Martin|Hornsby|1994|p=202}} The solo is in a mock-[[Baroque]] style for which the piccolo trumpet (a small instrument built about one [[octave]] higher than the standard instrument) is particularly suited, having a clean and clear sound which penetrates well through thicker midrange textures.{{sfn|Steele-Perkins|2001|p=120}} According to Emerick, Mason "nailed it" at some point during the recording; McCartney tried to get him to do another take but Martin insisted it was not necessary, sensing Mason's fatigue.{{sfn|Emerick|Massey|2006|p=145}}{{refn|group=nb|Emerick also comments in his autobiography that before this recording, the high E was considered unreachable by trumpet players, but has been expected of them since the performance on the record.{{sfn|Emerick|Massey|2006}}}} He also played over the song's final chorus, replacing the oboe parts from that portion of the track.{{sfn|Winn|2009|p=82}}

Mason later said he was impressed that Lennon, Harrison and Starr were present at the session, demonstrating a common interest in shaping the result,{{sfn|Hertsgaard|1996|p=211}} although he was taken aback by their new look of moustaches and psychedelic clothing.{{sfn|Cunningham|1998|pp=148–49}}{{refn|group=nb|By late December, the Beatles each sported moustaches,{{sfn|Everett|1999|p=71}} which Harrison attributed to "the synchronicity and the collective consciousness" of the time.{{sfn|The Beatles|2000|p=236}} McCartney had worn a false moustache as a disguise while travelling in Europe in November{{sfn|Sounes|2010|pp=157–58}} and appreciated its ability to mask his identity as a Beatle.{{sfn|Turner|2016|pp=363–64}}}} Mason was paid [[Pound sterling|£]]27 and 10 [[Shilling (British coin)|shillings]] for the session{{sfn|Lewisohn|2005|p=93}} and achieved international renown for his performance.<ref name="Millington/Guardian">{{cite news|first=Barry|last=Millington|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/jun/08/david-mason-obituary|title=David Mason Obituary|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=9 June 2011|access-date=27 May 2019}}</ref>{{refn|group=nb|In August 1987, the piccolo trumpet Mason played on the Beatles' "Penny Lane" and "[[All You Need Is Love]]" was sold in an auction at [[Sotheby's]] for $10,846.<ref name=auctions>{{cite news|last1=Kozinn|first1=Allan|title=Auctions|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/02/arts/auctions.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=2 September 1988|access-date=25 April 2015}}</ref>}} In author [[Mark Hertsgaard]]'s description, the trumpet solo is the recording's "pièce de résistance" and evokes a "sense of freedom, energy, and sheer happiness".{{sfn|Hertsgaard|1996|p=211}} Author Jonathan Gould describes the sound as "impossibly high and bright", and says that the solo represents a "neo-Baroque pastiche of every fanfare ever blown" and casts a [[magical spell]] that allows the Beatles to insert the risqué "Four of fish and finger pies" line into the chorus that follows.{{sfn|Gould|2007|p=379}} Classical music scholar Barry Millington described Mason's contribution as "surreal, unearthly ... a fusion of classical and rock" and commented that "so high does the part go", it was mistakenly assumed to have been sped up after recording.<ref name="Millington/Guardian" />

===Alternative mixes===
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The original US [[Promotional recording|promo single]] mix of "Penny Lane" had an additional flourish of piccolo trumpet notes at the end of the song.{{sfn|Everett|1999|p=85}} This mix was quickly superseded by one without the last trumpet passage, but not before copies had been pressed and sent to radio stations.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2005|p=94}}{{sfn|MacDonald|2005|p=223fn}} By the late 1980s, these discs were among the rarest and most valuable Beatles collectibles.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2005|p=94}} "Penny Lane" was mixed in stereo for the first time in 1971, for a [[West Germany|West German]] issue of the ''Magical Mystery Tour'' LP and, in 1980, this mix, with the addition of the trumpet ending, was included on the US ''[[Rarities (1980 The Beatles album)|Rarities]]'' compilation and the UK set ''[[The Beatles Box]]''.{{sfn|Winn|2009|pp=82, 83}} A remix of the song released on the outtakes compilation ''[[Anthology 2]]'' in 1996 included the closing trumpet flourish{{sfn|Winn|2009|p=82}} and the solo (by cor anglais and trumpet) that had been replaced by Mason's overdub for the 1967 single.{{sfn|Everett|1999|p=85}} The original promo single mix was made available again in 2017, when it was included on a CD of mono mixes in the six-disc 50th-anniversary edition of ''Sgt. Pepper''.<ref>{{cite AV media notes |title=Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band Super Deluxe Edition |title-link=Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band |year=2017 |others=[[The Beatles]] |type=CD sleeve |publisher=[[Apple Records]] |location=London}}</ref> The two- and six-disc anniversary editions also featured a new remix of "Penny Lane" prepared by [[Giles Martin]], designed to allow the keyboard parts to be heard distinctly.<ref name="auto"/>