Editing Pennsylvanian (geology) (section)

==Subdivisions==
The Pennsylvanian has been variously subdivided. The international timescale of the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy|ICS]] follows the Russian subdivision into four stages:<ref name="ICS2013">Cohen ''et al.'' 2013</ref>

*[[Bashkirian]] (oldest)
*[[Moscovian (Carboniferous)|Moscovian]]
*[[Kasimovian]]
*[[Gzhelian]] (youngest)

North American subdivision is into five stages, but not precisely the same, with additional (older) Appalachian series names following:<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rice |first1=Charles L. |title=Pennsylvanian system |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1151h/penn.html |website=Contributions to the geology of Kentucky |publisher=United States Geological Survey |access-date=26 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kues |first1=Barry S. |title=The Pennsylvanian System in New Mexico— overview with suggestions for revision of stratigraphic nomenclature |journal=New Mexico Geology |date=November 2001 |pages=103–122 |url=https://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/periodicals/nmg/23/n4/nmg_v23_n4_p103.pdf |access-date=26 October 2020}}</ref>

*[[Morrowan]] stage, corresponding with the middle and lower part of the [[Pottsville Group]] (oldest)
*[[Atokan]] stage, corresponding with the upper part of the Pottsville group
*[[Desmoinesian]] stage, corresponding with the [[Allegheny Group]]
*[[Missourian (stage)|Missourian]] stage, corresponding with the [[Conemaugh Group]]
*[[Virgilian series|Virgilian]] stage, corresponding with the [[Monongahela Group]] (youngest)

The Virgilian or Conemaugh corresponds to the Gzhelian plus the uppermost Kasimovian.
The Missourian or Monongahela corresponds to the rest of the Kasimovian.
The Desmoinesian or Allegheny corresponds to the upper half of the Moscovian.
The Atokan or upper Pottsville corresponds to the lower half of the Moscovian.
The Morrowan corresponds to the Bashkirian.

In the European subdivision, the Carboniferous is divided into two epochs: [[Dinantian]] (early) and [[Silesian (series)|Silesian]] (late). The Silesian starts earlier than the Pennsylvanian and is divided in three ages:<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Heckel |first1=P.H. |last2=Clayton |first2=G. |title=The Carboniferous System. Use of the new official names for the subsystems, series, and stages |journal=Geologica Acta |date=2006 |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=403–407 |doi=10.1344/105.000000354 |url=https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/geoact/geoact_a2006v4n3/geoact_a2006v4n3p403.pdf |access-date=26 October 2020}}</ref>
*[[Namurian]] (corresponding to [[Serpukhovian]] and early Bashkirian)
*[[Westphalian (stage)|Westphalian]] (corresponding to late Bashkirian, Moskovian and Kasimovian)
*[[Stephanian (stage)|Stephanian]] (corresponding to Gzhelian).