Editing Peer review (section)

==Government policy==
{{Further|U.S. Government peer review policies}}
The [[European Union]] has been using peer review in the "Open Method of Co-ordination" of policies in the fields of [[active labour market policy]] since 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/social/mlp|title=Mutual Learning Programme – Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion |website=European Commission |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328091511/https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1047 |archive-date= Mar 28, 2023 }}</ref> In 2004, a program of peer reviews started in [[social inclusion]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peer-review-social-inclusion.eu|title= Peer Review in Social Protection and Social Inclusion and Assessment in Social Inclusion  |website= peer-review-social-inclusion.eu|access-date=30 September 2021|archive-date=Jul 18, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718145342/http://www.peer-review-social-inclusion.eu/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Each program sponsors about eight peer review meetings in each year, in which a "host country" lays a given policy or initiative open to examination by half a dozen other countries and the relevant European-level [[Non-governmental organization|NGOs]]. These usually meet over two days and include visits to local sites where the policy can be seen in operation. The meeting is preceded by the compilation of an [[expert report]] on which participating "peer countries" submit comments. The results are published on the web.{{cn|date=February 2025}}

The [[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe]], through [[UNECE Environmental Performance Reviews]], uses peer review, referred to as "peer learning", to evaluate progress made by its member countries in improving their environmental policies.{{cn|date=February 2025}}

The State of California is the only U.S. state to mandate scientific peer review. In 1997, the Governor of California signed into law Senate Bill 1320 (Sher), Chapter 295, statutes of 1997, which mandates that, before any [[California Environmental Protection Agency|CalEPA]] Board, Department, or Office adopts a final version of a rule-making, the scientific findings, conclusions, and assumptions on which the proposed rule are based must be submitted for independent external scientific peer review. This requirement is incorporated into the [[California Health and Safety Code]] Section 57004.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ceparev.berkeley.edu/what-is-peer-review/|title=What is Scientific Peer Review?|website=ceparev.berkeley.edu|language=en-US|access-date=2017-03-30|archive-date=30 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330180350/https://ceparev.berkeley.edu/what-is-peer-review/|url-status=live}}</ref>