Editing Peace of Ryswick (section)

==Aftermath==
[[File:Naald van Rijswijk.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.7|The [[Needle of Rijswijk]] erected during 1792–1794]]
All sides interpreted Ryswick to be a truce, and expected conflict to resume when Charles died. The war demonstrated that France could no longer impose its objectives without allies. Louis therefore adopted a dual approach of a diplomatic offensive to seek support, while keeping the [[French Royal Army|French Army]] on a war footing. The increase in Habsburg power following victory in the [[Great Turkish War]] with the signing of the [[Treaty of Karlowitz]] in 1699 was offset by the growing independence of states like [[Electorate of Bavaria|Bavaria]], which looked to Louis, rather than Leopold, for support.{{sfn|Thomson|1968|pp=25–34}}

The war diverted resources from both the [[Royal Netherlands Navy|Dutch]] and [[French Navy|French navies]], and although the Dutch still dominated the [[Far East]] trade, Ryswick marked a turning point in England's rise as a global maritime power. Previously focused on the [[Levant]], its mercantile interests began challenging Spanish and Portuguese control of the Americas, where the French struggled to compete. The huge debts accumulated by the Dutch weakened their economy, while [[London]] replaced [[Amsterdam]] as the commercial centre of Europe. The Nine Years' War, together with the subsequent [[War of the Spanish Succession]] (1701-14), marked the end of the [[Dutch Golden Age]].{{sfn|Meerts|2014|pp=168–169}}

At the same time, the determination of the [[Tories (British political party)|Tory]] majority in [[Parliament of England|Parliament]] to reduce costs meant that by 1699, the English army had been reduced to less than 7,000 men.{{sfn|Gregg|1980|p=126}} This seriously undermined William's ability to negotiate on equal terms with France, and despite his intense mistrust, he co-operated with Louis in an attempt to agree a diplomatic solution to the Spanish succession. The so-called Partition Treaties of [[Treaty of The Hague (1698)|The Hague]] in 1698 and [[Treaty of London (1700)|London]] in 1700 ultimately failed to prevent the outbreak of war between the two kingdoms.{{sfn|Falkner|2015|p=37}}

After the death of James II died in 1701, Louis XIV proclaimed Prince James, the former heir of James II, rightful king of England, despite the treaty.