Editing Pea (section)

== Varieties ==
[[File:Peas in pods 2016 G1.jpg|thumb|A basket of pea pods]]
=== Garden peas ===
There are many varieties ([[cultivar]]s) of garden peas. Some of the most common varieties are listed here.  ''PMR'' indicates some degree of [[powdery mildew]] resistance; ''afila'' types, also called semi-leafless, have clusters of tendrils instead of leaves.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nwrec.hort.oregonstate.edu/pea-w.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100403002740/http://nwrec.hort.oregonstate.edu/pea-w.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2010-04-03|title=Peas-Western Oregon, Commercial Vegetable Production Guides|publisher=Oregon State University}}</ref>  Unless otherwise noted these are so called dwarf varieties which grow to an average height of about 1m.  Giving the vines support is recommended, but not required.  Extra dwarf are suitable for container growing, reaching only about 25&nbsp;cm.  Tall varieties grow to about 2m with support required.<ref>{{cite web |title=Growing Peas the Right Way |url=https://www.grit.com/farm-and-garden/growing-peas-ze0z1305zsau |website=Grit |date=21 May 2013 |access-date=3 February 2021}}</ref>
* Alaska, 55 days (smooth seeded)
* Tom Thumb / Half Pint, 55 days ([[Heirloom plant|heirloom]], extra dwarf)
* Thomas Laxton (heirloom) / Laxton's Progress / Progress #9, 60–65 days
* Mr. Big, 60 days, 2000 [[All-America Selections|AAS]] winner
* Little Marvel, 63 days, 1934 AAS winner
* Early Perfection, 65 days<ref>{{cite web | title = Vegetable Cultivar Descriptions for North America | url = http://cuke.hort.ncsu.edu/cucurbit/wehner/vegcult/peagreenal.html|website=Cuke.hort.ncsu.edu|access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref>
* Kelvedon Wonder, 65 days, 1997 [[Award of Garden Merit|RHS AGM]] winner<ref>Kelvedon Wonder is popular in the United Kingdom, but uncommon elsewhere.</ref>
* Sabre, 65 days, PMR
* Homesteader / Lincoln, 67 days (heirloom, known as ''Greenfeast'' in [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]])
* Miragreen, 68 days (tall climber)
* Serge, 68 days, PMR, afila
* Wando, 68 days
* Green Arrow, 70 days
* Recruit, 70 days, PMR, afila<ref>{{cite web|url=http://purelineseed.com/seeds/peas/late-season-varieties/recruit-peas|title=Recruit Peas|publisher=Pure Line Seeds|access-date=February 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217052339/http://purelineseed.com/seeds/peas/late-season-varieties/recruit-peas|archive-date=February 17, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Tall Telephone / Alderman, 75 days (heirloom, tall climber)

{{anchor|Sugar}}<!-- [[Sugar pea]] redirects here-->
=== Edible-pod peas ===
[[File:Peas for stir fry.jpg|thumb|upright|Handful of pea pods for a [[stir fry]]]]

Some peas lack the tough membrane inside the pod wall and have tender edible pods.<ref name="Vilmorin-Andrieux & Cie-1883">{{cite wikisource|title=Les_Plantes_potagères|wslanguage=fr|author=Vilmorin-Andrieux & Cie|year=1883|chapter=Pois}}</ref> There are two main types:<ref>{{Citation|last1=Myers|first1=James R.|title=Origin, History, and Genetic Improvement of the Snap Pea ( Pisum sativum L.)|date=2010-06-22|work=Plant Breeding Reviews|pages=93–138|editor-last=Janick|editor-first=Jules|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc.|language=en|doi=10.1002/9780470650196.ch3|isbn=978-0-470-65019-6|last2=Baggett|first2=James R.|last3=Lamborn|first3=Calvin}}</ref>
* [[Snow pea]]s have flat pods with thin pod walls. Pods and seeds are eaten when they are very young.
* [[Snap pea]]s or sugar snap peas have rounded pods with thick pod walls. Pods and seeds are eaten before maturity.

The name '''sugar pea''' can include both types<ref name="Vilmorin-Andrieux & Cie-1883" /> or be synonymous with either snow peas or snap peas in different dictionaries.<ref>{{Cite dictionary|url=https://www.thefreedictionary.com/sugar+pea|title=sugar pea|encyclopedia=TheFreeDictionary.com|access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref> Likewise '''mangetout''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɒ̃|ʒ|ˌ|t|uː}}; from {{langx|fr|pois mange-tout}}, 'eat-all pea').

Snow peas and snap peas both belong to Macrocarpon Group,<ref name=JMS>{{Cite web|url=https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/mv109|title=Pea, Snap—Pisum sativum L. (Macrocarpon group)|last=Stephens|first=James M.|date=2018-11-05|website=edis.ifas.ufl.edu|language=en|access-date=2020-02-15|archive-date=14 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214125729/http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/mv109|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite dictionary|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/snow+pea|title=Definition of SNOW PEA|encyclopedia=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref> a [[cultivar group]] based on the variety ''Pisum sativum'' var. ''macrocarpum'' <small>[[Ser.]]</small> named in 1825.<ref name="Candolle-1825">{{Cite book|last=Candolle|first=Augustin Pyramus de|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/7151|title=Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive, Enumeratio contracta ordinum generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarium, juxta methodi naturalis, normas digesta|date=1825|publisher=Sumptibus Sociorum Treuttel et Würtz|volume=2|location=Paris}}</ref> It was described as having very compressed non-leathery edible pods in the original publication.

The [[scientific name]] ''Pisum sativum'' var. ''saccharatum'' <small>Ser.</small> is often misused for snow peas. The variety under this name was described as having sub-leathery and compressed-[[terete]] pods and a French name of ''petit pois''.<ref name="Candolle-1825" /> The description is inconsistent with the appearance of snow peas, and therefore botanists have replaced this name with ''Pisum sativum'' var. ''macrocarpum.''<ref>{{GRIN|name=''Pisum sativum'' L. subsp. ''sativum'' var. ''macrocarpum'' Ser.|id=319442| access-date=15 February 2020}}</ref>

==={{Anchor|Field pea|Field peas}}Field peas===
[[File:Blauwschokker Kapucijner rijserwt Pisum sativum.jpg|thumb|upright|Pod 'Blue Schokker']]
[[File:Blauwschokker Kapucijner rijserwt bloem Pisum sativum.jpg|thumb|upright|Field pea plant in bloom]]

The '''field pea''' is a type of pea sometimes called ''P. sativum'' subsp. ''arvense'' (L.) Asch.  It is also known as dun (grey-brown) pea, Kapucijner pea, or Austrian winter pea, and is one of the oldest domesticated crops, cultivated for at least 7,000 years.  Field peas are now grown in many countries for both human consumption and stockfeed.  There are several cultivars and colors including blue, dun (brown), maple and white. This pea should not be confused with the [[cowpea]] (''Vigna unguiculata'') which is sometimes called the "field pea" in warmer climates.<ref>{{cite web|title=Field pea, (Pisum sativum)|url=http://www.pulseaus.com.au/Fieldpea.aspx|publisher=Pulse Australia|access-date=2019-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104115649/http://www.pulseaus.com.au/Fieldpea.aspx|archive-date=2013-11-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=French|first=Bob|title=Crop management Growing field pea|url=http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/objtwr/imported_assets/content/fcp/lp/southern_pulse_manual_ch2.pdf|publisher=Australia, Dept. of Agriculture and Food|access-date=11 April 2019|archive-date=3 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403092440/https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/objtwr/imported_assets/content/fcp/lp/southern_pulse_manual_ch2.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

It is a climbing annual legume with weak, viny, and relatively succulent stems. Vines often are 4 to 5 feet (120 to 150&nbsp;cm) long, but when grown alone, field pea's weak stems prevent it from growing more than 1.5 to 2 feet (45 to 60&nbsp;cm) tall. Leaves have two leaflets and a tendril. Flowers are white, pink, or purple. Pods carry seeds that are large (4,000 seeds/lb), nearly spherical, and white, gray, green, or brown. The root system is relatively shallow and small, but well nodulated.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sattell|first=R|title=Field Pea|url=http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/15224/em8698.pdf|publisher=Oregon State U.}}</ref>

The field pea is a cool-season legume crop that is grown on over 25 million acres worldwide. It has been an important [[grain legume]] crop for millennia, seeds showing domesticated characteristics dating from at least 7,000 years ago have been found in archaeological sites around what is now [[Turkey]].  Field peas or "dry peas" are marketed as a dry, shelled product for either human or [[livestock]] food, unlike the garden pea, which is marketed as a fresh or canned vegetable. The major producing countries of field peas are Russia and China, followed by Canada, Europe, Australia and the United States. Europe, Australia, Canada and the U.S. raise over 4.5 million acres (18,000 km²) and are major exporters of peas. In 2002, there were approximately 300,000 acres (1,200 km²) of field peas grown in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web|last=McKay|first=Kent|title=Field Pea Production|url=http://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/pulse-info/resources-pdf/Fieldpea%20production%20guide.pdf|publisher=North Dakota State University|access-date=11 April 2019|archive-date=10 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010235504/https://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/pulse-info/resources-pdf/Fieldpea%20production%20guide.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>