Editing Pasta (section)

==Ingredients and preparation==
[[File:CSIRO ScienceImage 11385 Pasta made from durum wheat.jpg|thumb|Pasta made from [[Durum|durum wheat]]]]
Since at least the time of [[Cato the Elder|Cato]]'s {{lang|la|[[De Agri Cultura]]}}, basic pasta dough has been made mostly of wheat flour or [[semolina]],<ref name="Zanini" /> with [[Durum|durum wheat]] used predominantly in the south of Italy and [[Common wheat|soft wheat]] in the north. Regionally other grains have been used, including those from barley, buckwheat, rye, rice, and maize, as well as chestnut and chickpea flours. Liquid, often in the form of eggs, is used to turn the flour into a dough.

To address the needs of people affected by [[gluten-related disorders]] (such as [[coeliac disease]], [[non-celiac gluten sensitivity]] and [[wheat allergy]] sufferers),<ref name="VriezingaSchweizer2015">{{cite journal|vauthors=Vriezinga SL, Schweizer JJ, Koning F, Mearin ML| title=Coeliac disease and gluten-related disorders in childhood|journal=Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol|volume=12|issue=9|pages=527–36|date=Sep 2015|pmid=26100369|doi=10.1038/nrgastro.2015.98| s2cid=2023530|type=Review|quote=Gluten-related disorders such as coeliac disease, wheat allergy and noncoeliac gluten sensitivity are increasingly being diagnosed in children.{{nbsp}}[...] These three gluten-related disorders are treated with a [[gluten-free diet]].}}</ref> some recipes use rice or [[maize]] for making pasta. Grain flours may also be supplemented with cooked [[Potato|potatoes]].<ref name="FerreiraDeMello">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ferreira SM, de Mello AP, de Caldas Rosa dos Anjos M, Krüger CC, Azoubel PM, de Oliveira Alves MA|title=Utilization of sorghum, rice, corn flours with potato starch for the preparation of gluten-free pasta|journal=Food Chem|volume=191|pages=147–51|date=15 January 2016|pmid=26258714|doi=10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.085}}</ref><ref name="PadalinoMastromatteo">{{cite journal|vauthors=Padalino L, Mastromatteo M, Lecce L, Spinelli S, Conte A, Del Nobile MA|title=Optimization and characterization of gluten-free spaghetti enriched with chickpea flour|journal=Int J Food Sci Nutr|volume=66|issue=2|pages=148–58|date=Mar 2015|pmid=25519246|doi=10.3109/09637486.2014.959897|s2cid=21063476}}</ref>

Other additions to the basic flour-liquid mixture may include vegetable purees such as spinach or tomato, mushrooms, cheeses, herbs, spices and other seasonings. While pastas are, most typically, made from unleavened doughs, at least nine different pasta forms are known to use yeast-raised doughs.<ref name="Zanini" />

Additives in dried, commercially sold pasta include vitamins and minerals that are lost from the durum wheat endosperm during milling. They are added back to the semolina flour once it is ground, creating [[enriched flour]]. [[Micronutrient]]s added may include [[Vitamin B3|niacin]] (vitamin B3), [[riboflavin]] (vitamin B2), [[folate]], [[thiamine]] (vitamin B1), and [[Ferrous|ferrous iron]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Man|last2=Zhu|first2=Ke-Xue|last3=Guo|first3=Xiao-Na|last4=Brijs|first4=Kristof|last5=Zhou|first5=Hui-Ming|date=1 July 2014|title=Natural Additives in Wheat-Based Pasta and Noodle Products: Opportunities for Enhanced Nutritional and Functional Properties|journal=Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety|language=en|volume=13|issue=4|pages=347–357|doi=10.1111/1541-4337.12066|pmid=33412715|issn=1541-4337|doi-access=}}</ref>

{{Gallery|title=Making pasta|align=center
|File:Making a better homemade pasta.jpg
 |Eggs are cracked into a well of flour.
 |alt1=
|File:Making a better homemade pasta - 16508591810.jpg
 |Ingredients are mixed.
 |alt2=
|File:Making a better homemade pasta - 16694677671.jpg
 |Ball of pasta dough
 |alt3=
|File:Making a better homemade pasta - 16695980185.jpg
 |Dough is rolled into thin sheets.
 |alt4=
|File:Making a better homemade pasta - 16670049156.jpg
 |Sheets of pasta are folded and cut into slices.
 |alt5=
|File:Making a better homemade pasta - 16670047286.jpg
 |Fresh pasta
 |alt6=
|File:A better homemade pasta.jpg
 |A dish made from homemade pasta
 |alt7=
}}