Editing Parliamentary procedure (section)

==Parliamentary authority usage patterns==
{{Main|Parliamentary authority|Principles of parliamentary procedure}}
Parliamentary procedure is based on the principles of allowing the majority to make decisions effectively and efficiently ([[majority rule]]), while ensuring fairness towards the minority and giving each member or delegate the right to voice an opinion.<ref>{{Harvnb|Robert|2011|p = li}}</ref> [[Voting]] determines the will of the assembly. While each assembly may create their own set of rules, these sets tend to be more alike than different. A common practice is to adopt a standard reference book on parliamentary procedure and modify it through [[special rules of order]] that supersede the adopted authority.

A parliamentary structure conducts business through [[Motion (parliamentary procedure)|motions]], which cause actions. Members bring business before the assembly by introducing [[main motion]]s. "Members use [[subsidiary motion]]s to alter a main motion, or delay or hasten its consideration."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sturgis |first1=Alice |url=https://archive.org/details/standardcodeofpa00stur |title=The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure |date=1993 |publisher=McGraw-Hill, Inc. |isbn=0-07-062522-0 |edition=Third |location=New York |page=16 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Parliamentary procedure also allows for rules in regards to nomination, voting, debate, disciplinary action, appeals, and the drafting of organization [[charter]]s, [[constitution]]s, and [[bylaws]].

===Organizations and civic groups===
In the US ''[[Robert's Rules of Order]] Newly Revised''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Robert |first1=Henry |title=Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised |date=2020 |publisher=Public Affairs, Hachette Book Group |location=New York |isbn=978-1541736696 |edition=12th}}</ref> aspires to be a comprehensive guide, based on the original 1876 version written primarily to help guide voluntary associations in their operations of governance: "New editions have marked the growth of parliamentary procedure as cases occurring in assemblies have pointed to a need for further rules or additional interpretations to go by."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Robert |first1=Sarah |url=https://archive.org/details/scottforesmanr00robe |title=Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised |date=1981 |publisher=Scott Foresman and Company |isbn=0-673-15471-8 |edition=1981 |location=Glenview, Illinois |page=preface, pg. ix |url-access=registration}}</ref> ''Robert's Rules of Order The Modern Edition''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Patnode |first1=Darwin |url=https://archive.org/details/robertsrulesofo400robe |title=Robert's Rules of Order the Modern Edition |date=1989 |publisher=The Berkley Publishing Group |isbn=0-425-11690-5 |location=New York |url-access=registration}}</ref> and ''[[The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure]]''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sturgis |first1=Alice |url=https://archive.org/details/standardcodeofpa00stur |title=The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure |date=1988 |publisher=McGraw-Hill, Inc. |isbn=0-07-062522-0 |location=New York |url-access=registration}}</ref> aspire to be concise. "This book is a basic reference book but does not claim to be comprehensive. For most organization and for most meetings, it will prove very adequate."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Patnode |first1=Darwin |url=https://archive.org/details/robertsrulesofo400robe |title=Robert's Rules of Order The Modern Edition |date=1989 |publisher=The Berkley Publishing Group |isbn=0-425-11690-5 |location=New York |page=17 |url-access=registration}}</ref> "[[Alice Sturgis]] believed that confusing or unnecessary motions and terminology should be eliminated. Her goal was to make the process simpler, fairer, and easier to understand, and The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure did just that ..."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sturgis |first1=Alice |url=https://archive.org/details/standardcodeofpa00stur |title=The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure |date=1988 |publisher=McGraw-Hill, Inc. |isbn=0-07-062522-0 |edition=Third |location=New York |page=xxi - "To the Reader" preface, by Edwin C. Bliss |url-access=registration}}</ref>

A common text in use in the UK, particularly within [[trade union|trade unions]], is [[Walter Citrine]]'s ''[[ABC of Chairmanship]]''.

In English-speaking Canada, popular authorities include Kerr & King's ''Procedures for Meeting and Organizations''. The [[Conservative Party of Canada]] uses ''Wainberg's Society meetings including rules of order'' to run its internal affairs.

In French-speaking Canada, commonly used rules of order for ordinary societies include [[Victor Morin]]'s {{lang|fr|[[Morin code|Procédures des assemblées délibérantes]]}} (commonly known as the {{lang|fr|Code Morin}})<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/19991008181931/http://web.uvic.ca/~cpssa/morineng.htm ''Code Morin'' at University of Victoria]; retrieved 2013-1-13.</ref> and the {{lang|fr|Code [[Confédération des syndicats nationaux]]}}.

===Legislatures===
Legislative assemblies in all countries, because of their nature, tend to have a specialized set of rules that differ from parliamentary procedure used by clubs and organizations.

In the United Kingdom, [[Erskine May: Parliamentary Practice|Erskine May's ''Parliamentary Practice'']] (frequently updated; originally ''Treatise on the Law, Privileges, Proceedings and Usage of Parliament''; often referred to simply as ''Erskine May'') is the accepted authority on the powers and procedures of the [[Westminster parliament]]. There are also the [[Standing orders in the Parliament of the United Kingdom|Standing Orders for each House]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Standing Orders |url=https://www.parliament.uk/site-information/glossary/standing-orders/ |website=UK Parliament}}</ref>

Of the 99 [[State legislature (United States)|state legislative chambers]] in the United States (two for each [[U.S. state|state]] except [[Nebraska]], which has a [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] legislature), ''[[Mason's Manual of Legislative Procedure]]'' governs parliamentary procedures in 70; ''[[Jefferson's Manual]]'' governs 13, and ''[[Robert's Rules of Order]]'' governs four.<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20191212161525/http://www.ncsl.org/research/about-state-legislatures/masons-manual-for-legislative-bodies.aspx Using Mason's Manual of Legislative Procedure: The Advantages to Legislative Bodies]'', [[National Conference of State Legislatures]].</ref> The [[United States Senate]] follows the [[Standing Rules of the United States Senate]], while the [[United States House of Representatives]] follows ''Jefferson's Manual''.

''Mason's Manual'', originally written by constitutional scholar and former [[California Senate]] staff member [[Paul Mason (author)|Paul Mason]] in 1935, and since his death revised and published by the [[National Conference of State Legislatures]] (NCSL), governs legislative procedures in instances where the [[State constitution (United States)|state constitution]], [[State law (United States)|state statutes]], and the chamber's rules are silent.<ref>See, for example, ''Standing Rules of the California Assembly'', in [http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/postquery?bill_number=hr_1&sess=CUR HR 1, 2007-08 Regular Session].</ref><ref name=ncsl>[http://www.ncsl.org National Conference of State Legislatures web site]</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=National Conference of State Legislatures|title=[[Mason's Manual of Legislative Procedure]]|year=2000|publisher=NCSL|location=Denver, CO|isbn=1-58024-116-6}}</ref>

According to the NCSL,<ref name=ncsl/> one of the many reasons that most state legislatures use ''Mason's Manual'' instead of ''Robert's Rules of Order'' is that ''Robert's Rules'' applies best to private organizations and civic groups that do not meet in daily public sessions. ''Mason's Manual'', however, is geared specifically toward state legislative bodies.