Editing Parachute (section)

===Eve of World War I===
[[File:FirstParachute.png|left|thumb|upright|Picture published in the Dutch magazine ''[[De Prins der Geïllustreerde Bladen]]'' (18 February 1911).<ref name="DePrins">''De Prins der Geillustreerde Bladen'', 18 February 1911, pp. 88-89.</ref>]]
[[File:Gleb Kotelnikov.jpg|left|thumb|upright|[[Gleb Kotelnikov]] and his invention, the [[knapsack]] parachute]]
In 1907 [[Charles Broadwick]] demonstrated two key advances in the parachute he used to jump from [[hot air balloon]]s at [[fair]]s: he folded his parachute into a [[backpack]], and the parachute was pulled from the pack by a [[static line]] attached to the balloon. When Broadwick jumped from the balloon, the static line became taut, pulled the parachute from the pack, and then snapped.<ref name="airspace2010">{{cite magazine |last=Ritter |first=Lisa |title=Pack Man: Charles Broadwick Invented a New Way of Falling |magazine=[[Air & Space/Smithsonian|Air & Space]] |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=68–72 |date=April–May 2010 |url=http://www.airspacemag.com/history-of-flight/Pack-Man-.html |access-date=1 March 2013}}</ref>

In 1911 a successful test took place with a [[Crash test dummy|dummy]] at the [[Eiffel Tower]] in [[Paris]]. The puppet's weight was {{convert|75|kg|abbr=on}}; the parachute's weight was {{convert|21|kg|abbr=on}}. The cables between the puppet and the parachute were {{convert|9|m|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="DePrins" /> On February 4, 1912, [[Franz Reichelt]] jumped to his death from the tower during initial testing of his wearable parachute.

Also in 1911, [[Grant Morton]] made the first parachute jump from an [[airplane]], a [[Wright Model B]] piloted by [[Phil Parmalee]], at [[Venice, Los Angeles#Venice Beach|Venice Beach]], [[California]]. Morton's device was of the "throw-out" type where he held the parachute in his arms as he left the aircraft. In the same year (1911), Russian [[Gleb Kotelnikov]] invented the first knapsack parachute,<ref name="history">{{cite web |url=http://www.bibliotekar.ru/divo/40-22.htm |title=Parachuting |website=Divo: The Russian Book of records and achievements |language=ru}}</ref> although [[Hermann Lattemann]] and his wife [[Katharina Paulus|Käthe Paulus]] had been jumping with bagged parachutes in the last decade of the 19th century.

[[File:Albert Berry parachute.jpg|right|thumb|[[Albert Berry (parachutist)|Albert Berry]] collapses his parachute on Kinloch Field at [[Jefferson Barracks Military Post|Jefferson Barracks]], [[Missouri]], after his jump on 1 March 1912.]]

In 1912, on a road near [[Tsarskoye Selo]], years before it became part of [[St. Petersburg]], Kotelnikov successfully demonstrated the braking effects of a parachute by accelerating a [[Russo-Balt]] automobile to its top speed and then opening a parachute attached to the back seat, thus also inventing the [[drogue parachute]].<ref name="history"/>

On 1 March 1912, [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] Captain [[Albert Berry (parachutist)|Albert Berry]] made the first (attached-type) parachute jump in the [[United States]] from a [[fixed-wing aircraft]], a [[Benoist Aircraft|Benoist]] pusher, while flying above [[Jefferson Barracks]], [[St. Louis, Missouri]]. The jump utilized a parachute stored or housed in a cone-shaped casing under the airplane and attached to a harness on the jumper's body.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Reichhardt |first=Tony |date=29 February 2012 |title=Berry's Leap |url=http://blogs.airspacemag.com/daily-planet/2012/02/berrys-leap/ |url-status=live |department=The Daily Planet |magazine=[[Air & Space/Smithsonian]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426101011/http://blogs.airspacemag.com/daily-planet/2012/02/berrys-leap/ |archive-date=26 April 2012}}</ref>

[[Štefan Banič]] patented an umbrella-like design in 1914,<ref>{{US patent|1108484}}</ref> and sold (or donated) the patent to the United States military, which later modified his design, resulting in the first military parachute.<ref name="obit">[http://www.mat.savba.sk/MATEMATICI/matematici.php?cislo=7 Štefan Banič, Konštruktér, vynálezca], Matematický ústav, Slovenská akadémia vied, obituary. Retrieved 21 October 2010.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.osobnosti.sk/osobnost/stefan-banic-982 |title=Banic: The inventor of the parachute |website=osobnosti.sk |language=sk}}</ref> Banič had been the first person to patent the parachute,<ref name="dcmp.org">{{cite web |url=https://dcmp.org/media/7825-inventions-that-shook-the-world-1910s |title=Inventions That Shook The World: 1910s |website=dcmp.org |language=en |access-date=2018-03-05}}</ref> and his design was the first to properly function in the 20th century.<ref name="dcmp.org"/>{{clarify|date=September 2018}}

On June 21, 1913, [[Georgia Broadwick]] became the first woman to parachute-jump from a moving aircraft, doing so over [[Los Angeles, California]].<ref name="airspace2010"/> In 1914, while doing demonstrations for the [[U.S. Army]], Broadwick deployed her chute manually, thus becoming the first person to jump [[free-fall]].