Editing Panthéon (section)

===Temple to church and back to temple (1806–1830)===
[[File:Antoine-Jean Gros 005.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Design for the cupola by [[Antoine-Jean Gros]] (1812). Napoleon is at the bottom right. (Now in the [[Carnavalet Museum]])]]
[[Napoleon Bonaparte]], when he became First Consul in 1801, signed a Concordat with the Pope, agreeing to restore former church properties, including the Panthéon. The Panthéon was under the jurisdiction of the canons of the Cathedral of [[Notre Dame de Paris]]. Celebrations of important events, such as the victory of Napoleon at the [[Battle of Austerlitz]], were held there. However, the crypt of the church kept its official function as the resting place for illustrious Frenchmen. A new entrance directly to the crypt was created via the eastern porch (1809–1811). The artist [[Antoine-Jean Gros]] was commissioned to decorate the interior of the cupola. It combined the secular and religious aspects of the church; it showed The Apotheosis of Saint Genevieve, conducted to heaven by angels, in the presence of great leaders of France, from [[Clovis I]] and [[Charlemagne]] to Napoleon and the [[Empress Josephine]].

During the reign of Napoleon, the remains of forty-one illustrious Frenchmen were placed in the crypt. They were mostly military officers, senators and other high officials of the Empire, but also included the explorer [[Louis-Antoine de Bougainville]] and the painter [[Joseph-Marie Vien]], the teacher of Napoleon's official painter, [[Jacques-Louis David]].<ref>{{harvnb|Lebeurre|2000|pp=26–27}}</ref>

[[File:La Mort.jpg|thumb|upright|Painting on the Pendentive, depicting ''Death'' by [[François Gérard]] (1821–1837)]]
During the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]] which followed the fall of Napoleon, in 1816 [[Louis XVIII of France]] restored the entire Panthéon, including the crypt, to the Catholic Church. The church was also at last officially consecrated in the presence of the King, a ceremony which had been omitted during the Revolution. The sculpture on the pediment by [[Jean Guillaume Moitte]], called ''The Fatherland crowning the heroic and civic virtues'' was replaced by a religious-themed work by [[David d'Angers]]. The reliquary of Saint Genevieve had been destroyed during the Revolution, but a few relics were found and restored to the church (They are now in the neighboring Church of [[Saint-Etienne-du-Mont]]). In 1822 [[François Gérard]] was commissioned to decorate the pendentives of the dome with new works representing Justice, Death, the Nation, and Fame. [[Jean-Antoine Gros]] was commissioned to redo his fresco on the inner dome, replacing Napoleon with [[Louis XVIII]], as well as figures of Louis XVI and [[Marie Antoinette]]. The new version of the cupola was inaugurated in 1824 by [[Charles X of France|Charles X]]. As to the crypt where the tombs were located, it was locked and closed to visitors.<ref>{{harvnb|Lebeurre|2000|pp=26–29}}</ref>