Editing Panic attack (section)

===Agoraphobia===
{{Main|Agoraphobia|Hikikomori}}
Panic disorder frequently presents with [[agoraphobia]], which is an [[anxiety disorder]] where the individual presents with fear of a situation from which they cannot leave or escape, especially if a panic attack occurs. People who have had a panic attack in certain situations may develop [[phobia]]s of these situations and begin to take measure to avoid them. Eventually, the pattern of avoidance and level of anxiety about another attack may reach the point where individuals with panic disorder are unable to drive or even step out of the house, preferring the comfort of remaining in a safe and known place.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shin |first1=Jin |last2=Park |first2=Doo-Heum |last3=Ryu |first3=Seung-Ho |last4=Ha |first4=Jee Hyun |last5=Kim |first5=Seol Min |last6=Jeon |first6=Hong Jun |date=2020-07-24 |title=Clinical implications of agoraphobia in patients with panic disorder |url=https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2020/07240/clinical_implications_of_agoraphobia_in_patients.104.aspx |journal=Medicine |language=en-US |volume=99 |issue=30 |pages=e21414 |doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000021414|pmid=32791758 |pmc=7387026 }}</ref> At this stage, the person is said to have panic disorder with agoraphobia.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Perugi |first1=Giulio |last2=Frare |first2=Franco |last3=Toni |first3=Cristina |date=2007 |title=Diagnosis and treatment of agoraphobia with panic disorder |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17696574/ |url-status=live |journal=CNS Drugs |volume=21 |issue=9 |pages=741–764 |doi=10.2165/00023210-200721090-00004 |issn=1172-7047 |pmid=17696574 |s2cid=43437233 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224161207/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17696574/ |archive-date=24 February 2021 |access-date=3 February 2021}}</ref>

In Japan, people who exhibit extreme agoraphobia to the point of becoming unwilling or unable to leave their homes are referred to as ''[[Hikikomori]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bowker|first1=Julie C.|last2=Bowker|first2=Matthew H.|last3=Santo|first3=Jonathan B.|last4=Ojo|first4=Adesola Adebusola|last5=Etkin|first5=Rebecca G.|last6=Raja|first6=Radhi|date=3 September 2019|title=Severe Social Withdrawal: Cultural Variation in Past Hikikomori Experiences of University Students in Nigeria, Singapore, and the United States|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2019.1633618|journal=The Journal of Genetic Psychology|volume=180|issue=4–5|pages=217–230|doi=10.1080/00221325.2019.1633618|issn=0022-1325|pmid=31305235|s2cid=196616453}}</ref> This term is used to describe both the person and the phenomenon. After first being defined by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare, a national research task force refined the definition as "the state of avoiding social engagement (e.g., education, employment, and friendships) with generally persistent withdrawal into one’s residence for at least six months as a result of various factors."<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Teo |first1=Alan R. |last2=Gaw |first2=Albert C. |date=June 2010 |title=Hikikomori, a Japanese Culture-Bound Syndrome of Social Withdrawal?: A Proposal for DSM-5 |url=https://journals.lww.com/00005053-201006000-00010 |journal=Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease |language=en |volume=198 |issue=6 |pages=444–449 |doi=10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181e086b1 |issn=0022-3018 |pmc=4912003 |pmid=20531124}}</ref>