Editing Pan-Germanism (section)

== Scandinavia ==
The idea of including the [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic]]-speaking Scandinavians into a Pan-German state, sometimes referred to as '''Pan-Germanicism''',<ref>Thomas Pedersen. Germany, France, and the integration of Europe: a realist interpretation. Pinter, 1998. P. 74</ref> was promoted alongside mainstream pan-German ideas.<ref>Ian Adams. ''Political Ideology Today''. Manchester, England, UK: Manchester University Press, 1993. P. 95.</ref> [[Jacob Grimm]] adopted Munch's anti-Danish Pan-Germanism and argued that the entire peninsula of [[Jutland]] had been populated by Germans before the arrival of the [[Danes]] and that thus it could justifiably be reclaimed by Germany, whereas the rest of [[Denmark]] should be incorporated into [[Sweden]]. This line of thinking was countered by [[Jens Jacob Asmussen Worsaae]], an archaeologist who had excavated parts of [[Danevirke]], who argued that there was no way of knowing the language of the earliest inhabitants of Danish territory. He also pointed out that Germany had more solid historical claims to large parts of France and England, and that [[Slavs]]—by the same reasoning—could annex parts of [[Former eastern territories of Germany|Eastern Germany]]. Regardless of the strength of Worsaae's arguments, pan-Germanism spurred on the German nationalists of [[Schleswig]] and [[Holstein]] and led to the [[First Schleswig War]] in 1848. In turn, this likely contributed to the fact that Pan-Germanism never caught on in Denmark as much as it did in Norway.<ref>{{cite journal
| last= Rowly-Conwy
| first= Peter
| title= The concept of prehistory and the invention of the terms 'prehistoric' and 'prehistorian': The Scandinavian origin, 1833–1850
|journal= European Journal of Archaeology
|volume=9
|issue=1
|pages=103–130
|doi=10.1177/1461957107077709
| date= 2013
| s2cid= 163132775
|url=http://dro.dur.ac.uk/5857/1/5857.pdf?DDD6+drk0mjc+drk0par+dul4eg
}}</ref> Pan-Germanic tendencies were particularly widespread among the [[Norwegian romantic nationalism|Norwegian independence movement]]. Prominent supporters included [[Peter Andreas Munch]], [[Christopher Bruun]], [[Knut Hamsun]], [[Henrik Ibsen]] and [[Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson]].<ref name="dagbladet.no"/><ref>{{cite web|author=NRK |url=http://www.nrk.no/programmer/tv_arkiv/drommen_om_norge/4439099.html |title=Drømmen om Norge |publisher=NRK.no |date=20 January 2005 |access-date=2012-01-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Larson |first=Philip E. |title=Ibsen in Skien and Grimstad: His education, reading, and early works |url=http://ibsen.nb.no/asset/116579/1/116579_1.pdf |date=1999 |publisher=The Ibsen House and Grimstad Town Museum |location=Skien |page=143 }}</ref> Bjørnson, who wrote the lyrics for the [[Ja, vi elsker dette landet|Norwegian national anthem]], proclaimed in 1901:

{{blockquote|I'm a Pan-Germanist, I'm a [[Teutonic peoples|Teuton]], and the greatest dream of my life is for the [[West Germanic languages|South Germanic peoples]] and the [[North Germanic peoples]] and their brothers in [[diaspora]] to unite in a fellow [[confederation]].<ref name="dagbladet.no"/>}} In the 20th century the German [[Nazi Party]] sought to create a [[Greater Germanic Reich]] that would include most of the Germanic peoples of Europe within it under the leadership of Germany, including peoples such as the [[Danes]], the [[Dutch people|Dutch]], the [[Swedes]], the [[Norwegians]], and the [[Flemish people|Flemish]] within it.<ref>Germany: The Long Road West: Volume 2: 1933–1990. Digital version. Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press, 2007.</ref>
Anti-German [[Scandinavism]] surged in Denmark in the 1930s and 1940s in response to the pan-Germanic ambitions of Nazi Germany.<ref>Stephen Barbour, Cathie Carmichael. ''Language and Nationalism in Europe''. Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press, 2000. P. 111.</ref>