Editing Oslo Airport, Gardermoen (section)

===Opening and growth===
The first new airline to start scheduled flights was [[Color Air]] operating [[Boeing 737-300]] jets.<!-- that started on ... --> The [[low-cost carrier|low-cost airline]] took advantage of the increased capacity that Gardermoen created to start competing with SAS and Braathens on the routes to Bergen, Trondheim and Ålesund. This lasted until October 1999, when Color Air filed for bankruptcy. During this time, all three airlines lost large amounts of money, mainly due to low passenger counts. To win the business market, all three wanted to have the most possible departures per day to other cities, which proved to be a financially poor decision, instead of waiting more days in between flights to increase passenger counts per flight.{{Citation needed|date=August 2015}}

Gardermoen has had considerable problems with [[fog]] and [[freezing rain]], and has several times had a complete close-down. This was also a problem at Fornebu, and reported to be at Hurum as well. On average, there is super cooled rain three times per month during the winter.<ref name="whistle" /> The use of [[deicing]] fluids is restricted since the area underneath the airport contains the Tandrum Delta, one of the country's largest uncontained quaternary [[aquifer]]s (underground water systems).<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Muhammad |first1=Nuha |last2=Pedersen |first2=Tor |title=A CHARACTERIZATION OF THE DISTAL PART OF TRANDUM DELTA, SOUTHERN NORWAY, BY GROUND PENETRATING RADAR |url=https://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGS02/06897/EGS02-A-06897.pdf |access-date=10 May 2020 |website=Cosis.net}}</ref> On 14 December 1998, a combination of freezing fog and supercooled rain caused glaze at Gardermoen. At least twenty aircraft engines were damaged by ice during take-off, and five aircraft needed to make [[emergency landing|precautionary landing]]s with only one working engine.<ref name="whistle" /> On 18 January 2006, an [[Infratek]] deicing system was set up, that uses infrared heat in large hangar tents. It was hoped that it could reduce chemical deicers by 90%, but the technique has proved unsuccessful.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Travelnews |title=Infrared fiasco at Gardermoen |url=http://www.travelnews.no/nyheter.asp?version=37870 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928064518/http://www.travelnews.no/nyheter.asp?version=37870 |archive-date=28 September 2007 |access-date=25 February 2007 |language=no}}</ref>

In 1999, [[Northwest Airlines]] briefly operated a flight between Oslo and [[Minneapolis]]/[[St. Paul, MN]], United States, for several months, before the flight was cancelled due to poor load factors.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lillesund |first=Geir |date=30 March 1999 |title=Bare Braathens kutter ruter i sommerprogrammet |language=no |agency=[[Norwegian News Agency]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=31 August 1999 |title=Gardermoen er flyselskapenes mareritt |language=no |work=Dagbladet.no |url=https://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/gardermoen-er-flyselskapenes-mareritt/65543196}}</ref> Northwest had previously served the airport in 1987 with nonstop flights operated with [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10-40]] wide body jetliners several days a week to [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|New York - JFK]] with continuing direct service to [[Memphis International Airport]] (MEM) and [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport]] (MSP).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Index |url=http://www.departedflights.com/ |access-date=23 February 2022 |website=Departedflights.com}}</ref> In October 2001, the only remaining intercontinental flight, to [[Newark Airport]] (EWR), with [[Scandinavian Airlines]] (SAS) operated [[Boeing 767|Boeing 767–300]] aircraft, was discontinued, due to a slump in air travel following the [[September 11 Attacks|9/11 attacks]]. In 2004, [[Scandinavian Airlines]] and [[Continental Airlines]] (now [[United Airlines]]) resumed service on this route using [[Airbus A330]] and [[Boeing 757-200]] respectively. [[United Airlines]] suspended winter service on the route in 2015, then discontinued the service completely in 2017. Scandinavian Airlines also started a direct service from Oslo to [[Miami International Airport|Miami]] in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SAS is opening two new routes from Miami – SAS |url=https://www.sasgroup.net/newsroom/press-releases/2015/sas-is-opening-two-new-routes-from-miami/ |access-date=10 May 2020 |website=Sasgroup.net |language=en}}</ref>

Also in 1999, [[Pakistan International Airlines]] (PIA) became the first Asian airline to touchdown in Oslo, commencing its first flights to the city to and from [[Karachi]], [[Lahore]] and [[Islamabad]]. The return flights had a stopover at [[Copenhagen Airport]] before continuing onward to Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of PIA - Pakistan International Airlines |url=https://historyofpia.com/firsts.htm |access-date=23 February 2022 |website=Historyofpia.com}}</ref>

[[Norwegian Air Shuttle]] launched flights to Bangkok, New York – JFK, [[Los Angeles International Airport|Los Angeles]], [[Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport|Fort Lauderdale]], [[Oakland International Airport|Oakland (San Francisco)]], and [[Orlando International Airport|Orlando]] with [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner]] jetliners and Dubai, Agadir and Marrakech with [[Boeing 737-800]] jets.{{when|date=April 2018}}  Three more airlines began service. [[Thai Airways]] launched service to [[Suvarnabhumi Airport|Bangkok]], [[Qatar Airways]] to [[Doha International Airport|Doha]], and Fly Emirates to [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai]].{{When|date=November 2023}}

In 2012, the airport opened a new {{convert|650|m2|sp=us|adj=on}} VIP terminal exclusively used for the royal family, the [[Prime Minister of Norway|prime minister]] and foreign heads of state and government.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 January 2012 |title=Skuddsikker terminal for de viktige |language=no |work=[[Dagens Næringsliv]] |url=http://www.dn.no/forsiden/politikkSamfunn/article2320705.ece |url-status=live |access-date=31 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201210821/http://www.dn.no/forsiden/politikkSamfunn/article2320705.ece |archive-date=1 February 2012}}</ref> According to [[EUROCONTROL]], Gardermoen had the most delays per flight of all airports in Europe in July 2012. As a consequence of the delays, which apparently were caused by a lack of air traffic controllers, several airlines received [[Norwegian krone|NOK]] 100 million in compensation from [[Avinor]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2012 |title=Airlines demand compensation for air traffic control delays |url=http://www.newsinenglish.no/2012/09/10/airlines-demand-compensation-for-air-traffic-control-delays/ |access-date=10 May 2015 |website=newsinenglish.no}}</ref>