Editing Osijek (section)

===Twentieth century===

The newest additions to the city include Sjenjak, Vijenac [[Ivan Meštrović|Ivana Meštrovića]], [[Novi grad, Osijek|Novi Grad]] and [[Jug II]], which were built in the 20th century. The city's geographical riverside location, and noted cultural and historical heritage – particularly the [[baroque]] Tvrđa, one of the most immediately recognizable structures in the region – facilitated the development of tourism. The Osijek oil refinery was a [[Strategic bombing during World War II|strategic bombing]] target of the [[Oil Campaign of World War II]].<ref name="Raiford2004">{{cite book|last=Raiford|first=Neil Hunter|title=Shadow: a Cottontail bomber crew in World War II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V6nuRQp1LzQC&pg=PA181|access-date=15 October 2011|date=October 2004|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-1906-7|page=181}}</ref>

After the war, the local German-speaking populace [[Germans of Yugoslavia|was expelled]]. The daily newspaper ''[[Glas Slavonije]]'' was relocated to Osijek and has been printed there ever since. A history archive was established in the city in 1947 and GISKO (city library) in 1949. A [[children's theatre]] and an [[art gallery]] were opened, and the [[volunteer fire department]] DVD "Hrvatska Elektroprivreda" founded, in 1950 (separate from the DVD "Vodovod" founded in 1947).<ref>{{cite web |date=2022 |first1=Nikola |last1=Jagodin |first2=Vedran |last2=Runjić |title=Popis vatrogasnih organizacija s datumima osnivanja |url=https://mhv.hr/popis-vatrogasnih-organizacija-s-datumima-osnivanja |website=Muzej hrvatskog vatrogastva |archive-date=2023-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130104803/https://mhv.hr/popis-vatrogasnih-organizacija-s-datumima-osnivanja |language=hr |trans-title=List of Firefighting Organisations with Date of Founding}}</ref> As a continuation of the tradition of promoting national heritage, especially in music, society of culture and art, "[[Pajo Kolarić]]" was established on 21 March 1954.{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}

Osijek has been connected with the Croatian republic's capital [[Zagreb]] and the previous federal capital [[Belgrade]] by a modern paved road since 1958. The new Drava bridge to the north was built in 1962.

The first faculty opened in Osijek was Faculty of Economy (in 1959 as Centre for economic studies of the Faculty of Economy in Zagreb),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.efos.hr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=258&Itemid=152|title=Ekonomski fakultet u Osijeku &#124; EFOS – Povijest fakulteta|publisher=Efos.hr|access-date=16 September 2011}}</ref> followed immediately by a high school of agriculture, later renamed as Faculty of Agriculture<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pfos.hr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15&Itemid=19|title=Poljoprivredni fakultet u Osijeku|publisher=Pfos.hr|access-date=16 September 2011}}</ref> and Faculty of Philosophy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.ffos.hr/?id=4 |title=Filozofski fakultet u Osijeku|publisher=Web.ffos.hr|access-date=16 September 2011}}</ref> The Faculty of Law was established in 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pravos.hr/english/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=1|title=Faculty of Law in Osijek – Content|publisher=Pravos.hr|date=26 November 2007|access-date=16 September 2011|archive-date=21 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721101754/http://www.pravos.hr/english/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> thus becoming the first new member of newly established [[University of Osijek]].

As part of further development as a regional food industry and agricultural centre, a major (working) collective for agriculture and industry was established in 1962. During the 1980s, a new pedestrian [[suspension bridge]] over the Drava was built. A regional centre of National Television [[Yugoslavian Radio Television|JRT]] was also opened.{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}

====Croatian War of Independence====
{{main|Battle of Osijek}}
[[File:TrgJug2Osijek.JPG|thumb|left|[[Croatian War of Independence|War of Independence]] memorial]]
[[File:Osijek - panoramio (13).jpg|thumb|right|''Crveni fićo'' installation]]
During the [[Croatian War of Independence|war in Croatia]], from 1991 to 1995, the city sustained damage by [[Yugoslav People's Army]] (JNA) and local [[Serbs in Croatia|Serbs]], especially to the centre and [[Osijek Co-cathedral|Co-cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul]]<ref>[http://www.svpetaripavao.hr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=6&Itemid=9 Župna crkva Sv. Petra i Pavla Apostola u Osijeku]</ref> and to the periphery. About 800 people were killed in the shelling of the town from August 1991 to June 1992.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jegen| first=Mary Evelyn| title=Sign of Hope: the Center for Peace, Nonviolence and Human Rights in Osijek| publisher=Life & Peace Institute|location=Uppsala, Sweden|year=1996|isbn=978-91-87748-34-9| page=14}}</ref> Overall, a total of 1,724 people from Osijek were killed over the course of the war, including 1,327 soldiers and 397 civilians.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=HRT|url=http://www.hrt.hr/index.php?id=ispis&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=171136&cHash=b345b2a205|first=Bajto|last=Amoreta|title=Dan osječkih branitelja: "Opća opasnost" večeras|date=28 June 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131130114424/http://www.hrt.hr/index.php?id=ispis&tx_ttnews%255Btt_news%255D=171136&cHash=b345b2a205|archive-date=30 November 2013|access-date=4 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> At least five Croatian officials were condemned for war crimes against Serb civilians in Osijek, including General Branimir Glavaš.<ref>[http://www.seebiz.eu/hr/politika/branimir-glavas-osuden-na-deset-godina-zatvora-(2),44769.html&#93 ''Former war mayor Branimir Glavas is sentenced on 9 years of jail and he is war criminal fugitive now. Osječka Hvidra osudila uhićenje svojih članova'']{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, seebiz.eu; accessed 20 January 2016. {{in lang|hr}}</ref>