Editing Orléans (section)

===Prehistory and Roman Empire===
:''See also [[Cenabum]], Aureliana Civitas.''
'''Cenabum''' was a [[Gauls|Gaul]] stronghold, one of the principal towns of the tribe of the [[Carnutes]] where the [[Druid]]s held their annual assembly. The Carnutes were massacred and the city was destroyed by [[Julius Caesar]] in 52 BC.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0001:book=7:chapter=28|title=C. Julius Caesar, Gallic War, Book 7, chapter 28|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|access-date=2018-02-16}}</ref> In the late 3rd century AD, [[Roman emperor|Roman Emperor]] [[Aurelian]] rebuilt the city and renamed it '''civitas Aurelianorum''' ("city of Aurelian") after himself.<ref>{{cite web|last=Larousse|first=Éditions|title=Orléans - LAROUSSE|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/ville/Orl%C3%A9ans/136330|access-date=2021-04-28|website=www.larousse.fr|language=fr}}</ref> The name later evolved into Orléans.<ref>For an exact etymology, see ''Cenabum, Aurelianis, Orléans'' de Jacques Debal (Coll. Galliae civitates, Lyon, PUL, 1996)</ref>

In 442 Flavius Aetius, the Roman commander in Gaul, requested [[Goar]], head of the [[Iranian peoples|Iranian]] tribe of [[Alans]] in the region to come to Orleans and control the rebellious natives and the Visigoths. Accompanying the [[Vandals]], the Alans crossed the Loire in 408. One of their groups, under [[Goar]], joined the Roman forces of [[Flavius Aetius]] to fight [[Attila]] when he invaded Gaul in 451, taking part in the [[Battle of Châlons]] under their king [[Sangiban]]. Goar established his capital in Orléans. His successors later took possession of the estates in the region between Orléans and Paris. Installed in Orléans and along the Loire, they were unruly (killing the town's senators when they felt they had been paid too slowly or too little) and resented by the local inhabitants. Many inhabitants around the present city have names bearing witness to the Alan presence – Allaines. Also many places in the region bear names of Alan origin.<ref>[http://www.marres.education/alans.htm marres.education] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520022911/https://www.marres.education/alans.htm |date=20 May 2020 }}. Accessed January 2016.</ref>