Editing Organization (section)

=== Matrix organization ===<!-- This section is linked from Organization -->
{{See also|Matrix management}}
This organizational type assigns each worker two bosses in two different hierarchies. One hierarchy is "functional" and assures that each type of expert in the organization is well-trained, and measured by a boss who is a super-expert in the same field. The other direction is "executive" and tries to get projects completed using the experts. Projects might be organized by products, regions, customer types, or some other schemes.

As an example, a company might have an individual with overall responsibility for products X and Y, and another individual with overall responsibility for engineering, quality control, etc. Therefore, subordinates responsible for quality control of project X will have two reporting lines. The [[United States]] aerospace industries were the first to officially use this organizational structure after it emerged in the early 1960s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Schnetler|first1=Rohann|last2=Steyn|first2=Herman|last3=Van Staden|first3=Paul J.|title=Characteristics of Matrix Structures, and Their Effects on Project Success|date=2015-02-23|url=http://sajie.journals.ac.za/pub/article/view/1096|journal=The South African Journal of Industrial Engineering|volume=26|issue=1|pages=11|doi=10.7166/26-1-1096|issn=2224-7890|doi-access=free|hdl=2263/49709|hdl-access=free}}</ref>