Editing Orange (colour) (section)

===18th and 19th century===
In the 18th century, orange was sometimes used to depict the robes of [[Pomona (mythology)|Pomona]], the goddess of fruitful abundance; her name came from the {{Lang|la|pomon}}, the Latin word for fruit. Oranges themselves became more common in northern Europe, thanks to the 17th-century invention of the heated greenhouse, a building type which became known as an [[orangerie]]. The French artist [[Jean-Honoré Fragonard]] depicted an allegorical figure of inspiration dressed in orange.

In 1797 a French scientist [[Louis Vauquelin]] discovered the mineral [[crocoite]], or [[lead chromate]], which led in 1809 to the invention of the synthetic pigment [[chrome orange]]. Other synthetic pigments, [[cobalt red]], [[cobalt yellow]], and cobalt orange, the last made from [[cadmium sulfide]] plus [[cadmium selenide]], soon followed. These new pigments, plus the invention of the [[metal paint tube]] in 1841, made it possible for artists to paint outdoors and to capture the colours of natural light.

In Britain, orange became highly popular with the [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood|Pre-Raphaelites]] and with history painters. The flowing red-orange hair of [[Elizabeth Siddal]], a prolific model and the wife of painter [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]], became a symbol of the [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood|Pre-Raphaelite movement]]. [[Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton|Lord Leighton]], the president of the Royal Academy, produced ''[[Flaming June]]'', a painting of a sleeping young woman in a bright orange dress, which won wide acclaim. [[Albert Joseph Moore]] painted festive scenes of [[Roman people|Romans]] wearing orange cloaks brighter than any of the Romans ever likely wore. In the United States, [[Winslow Homer]] brightened his palette with vivid oranges.

In France, painters took orange in an entirely different direction. In 1872 [[Claude Monet]] painted ''[[Impression, Sunrise]]'', a tiny orange sun and some orange light reflected on the clouds and water in the centre of a hazy blue landscape. This painting gave its name to the [[Impressionist]] movement.

Orange became an important colour for all the Impressionist painters. They all had studied the recent books on colour theory, and they know that orange placed next to azure blue made both colours much brighter. [[Auguste Renoir]] painted boats with stripes of chrome orange paint straight from the tube. [[Paul Cézanne]] did not use orange pigment, but produced his own oranges with touches of yellow, red and ochre against a blue background. [[Toulouse-Lautrec]] often used oranges in the skirts of dancers and gowns of Parisiennes in the cafes and clubs he portrayed. For him, it was the colour of festivity and amusement.

The Post-Impressionists went even further with orange. [[Paul Gauguin]] used oranges as backgrounds, for clothing and skin colour, to fill his pictures with light and exoticism. But no other painter used orange so often and dramatically as [[Vincent van Gogh]]. who had shared a house with Gauguin in [[Arles]] for a time. For Van Gogh orange and yellow were the pure sunlight of Provence. He produced his own oranges with mixtures of yellow, ochre and red, and placed them next to slashes of sienna red and bottle green, and below a sky of turbulent blue and violet. He put an orange moon and stars in a cobalt blue sky. He wrote to his brother Theo of searching for oppositions of blue with orange, of red with green, of yellow with violet, searching for broken colours and neutral colours to harmonize the brutality of extremes, trying to make the colours intense, and not a harmony of greys.<ref>Vincent van Gogh, ''Lettres a Theo'', p. 184.</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
File:Queen Anne of Great Britain.jpg|Queen [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Anne of Great Britain]] in orange gown (1736)
File:Jean-Honoré Fragonard - Inspiration.jpg|''Inspiration'', by [[Jean-Honoré Fragonard]] (1789)
File:Jean-François Badoureau - D. Pedro de Alcântara, Príncipe Real.jpg|Pedro de Alcântara, Prince Royal (later Emperor of Brazil as [[Pedro I of Brazil|Pedro I]] and King of Portugal as Pedro IV; early 1800s)
File:Moore Albert Midsummer.jpg|''Midsummer'', by [[Albert Joseph Moore]] (1848–1893)
File:Dante Gabriel Rossetti - Regina Cordium (1860).jpg|The flowing red-orange hair of [[Elizabeth Siddal]], model and wife of painter [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]], became a symbol of the [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood|Pre-Raphaelite]] movement (1860).
File:Claude Monet, Impression, soleil levant.jpg|''[[Impression, Sunrise]]'' by [[Claude Monet]] (1872) featured a tiny but vivid chrome orange Sun. The painting gave its name to the Impressionist movement.
File:Pedro Américo - D. Pedro II na abertura da Assembléia Geral (cropped).jpg|Emperor [[Pedro II of Brazil]] wearing a wide collar of orange toucan feathers around his shoulders and elements of the [[Imperial Regalia of Brazil|Imperial Regalia]]. Detail from a painting by [[Pedro Américo]] (1872)
File:1877-winslow-homer-the-new-novel.jpg|''The new novel'', by [[Winslow Homer]] (1877)
File:Chatou hires.jpg|''Oarsmen at Chatou'' by [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]] (1879). Renoir knew that orange and blue brightened each other when put side by side.
File:Paul Gauguin 112.jpg|''Self-portrait'' of [[Paul Gauguin]] (1888)
File:Van Gogh - Weiden bei Sonnenuntergang.jpeg|''Willow trees at sunset'' by Arles van Gogh (1888)
File:VanGogh-starry night ballance1.jpg|''[[The Starry Night]]'' by [[Vincent van Gogh]], features orange stars, an orange [[Venus]], and an orange [[Moon]] (1889)
File:Monet grainstacks W1273.jpg|''Meules'', from the 1890–1891 series of ''[[Haystacks (Monet)|Haystacks]]'' by [[Claude Monet]]
File:Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec 031.jpg|[[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]] was extremely fond of orange, the colour of amusement ''[[Jane Avril]]'' (1893–1896).
File:Flaming June, by Frederic Lord Leighton (1830-1896).jpg|''[[Flaming June]]'', by [[Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton|Lord Leighton]] (1895)
File:Paul Gauguin 135.jpg|''[[Vairumati]]'', by Paul Gauguin (1897)
</gallery>