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==== Idiopathic Disease ==== Idiopathic optic neuritis (ION) generally refers to optic neuritis that does not present with serologic markers attributable to a known underlying cause (eg, NMOSD, MOGAD, etc.).<ref name=":35">{{Cite journal |last=Bennett |first=Jeffrey L. |date=October 2019 |title=Optic Neuritis |journal=Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) |volume=25 |issue=5 |pages=1236β1264 |doi=10.1212/CON.0000000000000768 |issn=1538-6899 |pmc=7395663 |pmid=31584536}}</ref> Opinions among specialists seem to differ as to whether idiopathic optic neuritis should be classified as MS-associated ON or if it should not be exclusively associated with MS.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Wei |first1=Siqian |last2=Du |first2=Yi |last3=Luo |first3=Wenjing |date=2023 |title=Idiopathic Optic Neuritis Should Neither Be Defined as a Subtype nor an Early Sign of Multiple Sclerosis |journal=Neuro-Ophthalmology (Aeolus Press) |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=230β231 |doi=10.1080/01658107.2023.2205931 |issn=0165-8107 |pmc=10332215 |pmid=37434669}}</ref> A group of reviewers from China propose that ION should not be associated with MS and hence defined with the literal meaning of "idiopathic" as ON with an unknown cause.<ref name=":4" /> On the other hand, multiple groups of Western reviewers propose that ION should be considered a preceding manifestation, among a collection of manifestations, that precedes the development of MS in the absence of other serologic findings.<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal |last1=Beck |first1=Roy W. |last2=Cleary |first2=Patricia A. |last3=Anderson |first3=Malcolm M. |last4=Keltner |first4=John L. |last5=Shults |first5=William T. |last6=Kaufman |first6=David I. |last7=Buckley |first7=Edward G. |last8=Corbett |first8=James J. |last9=Kupersmith |first9=Mark J. |last10=Miller |first10=Neil R. |last11=Savino |first11=Peter J. |last12=Guy |first12=John R. |last13=Trobe |first13=Jonathan D. |last14=McCrary |first14=John A. |last15=Smith |first15=Craig H. |date=1992-02-27 |title=A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Acute Optic Neuritis |url=https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199202273260901 |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |volume=326 |issue=9 |pages=581β588 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199202273260901 |pmid=1734247 |issn=0028-4793}}</ref><ref name=":35"/>
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